方解石上清液对氟碳铈矿表面化学的作用机理:以氟碳铈矿浮选为例  

Mechanism of Action of Calcite Supernatant on Surface Chemistry of Bastnaesite: A Case Study of Bastnaesite Flotation

作　　者：刘荣祥 杨占峰 李解[3] 李强[2] 李计川[1] Liu Rongxiang;Yang Zhanfeng;Li Jie;Li Qiang;Li Jichuan(School of Mining and Coal,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,China;Baotou Rare Earth Research Institute,Baotou 014010,China;Rare Earth Industry College,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学矿业与煤炭学院,内蒙古包头014010 [2]包头稀土研究院,内蒙古包头014060 [3]内蒙古科技大学稀土产业学院,内蒙古包头014010

出　　处：《中国稀土学报》2025年第1期192-204,共13页Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1909101);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0438);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2020MS05048)资助。

摘　　要：研究了方解石上清液对氟碳铈矿表面化学的影响。通过Zeta电位测量,并辅以浮选试验,在上清液存在和不存在的情况下,使用辛基异羟肟酸、双膦酸、复合捕收剂作为捕收剂浮选氟碳铈矿。结果表明,上清液中处理氟碳铈矿,通过三种捕收剂浮选,得到不同的浮选效果,其中复合捕收剂最好回收率达到95.3%。Zeta电位测量表明,上清液中Ca^(2+)对氟碳铈矿表面电性的影响在碱性溶液中更为明显,其中在复合捕收剂中氟碳铈矿的表面电位负移最小,IEP向右移动到8.8处,方解石上清液中的Ca(OH)+容易被氟碳铈矿表面吸附。FTIR结果表明:氟碳铈矿在方解石上清液中更容易吸附复合捕收剂,其原因是方解石上清液中CaOH^(+)活化氟碳铈矿表面活性位点的作用,氟碳铈矿表面活性位点与捕收剂容易结合并形成金属螯合物。XPS分析表明,方解石上清液中复合捕收剂处理的氟碳铈矿全谱中出现了新峰N 1s, P 2p,Ca2p,说明吸附了复合捕收剂中的N,P和Ca元素;其中吸附的Ca可能是氟碳铈矿表面吸附了方解石上清液中的Ca(OH)+。复合捕收剂在Ca(OH)+与氟碳铈矿的作用下形成金属螯合物,其吸附结构可能是R-NH-O-Ca-CeCO_(3)F和R-P-O-Ca-CeCO_(3)F。这些发现证实,有效的稀土矿物浮选分离并不仅仅依赖捕收剂-矿物相互作用的强度,而在很大程度上依赖于浮选溶液的化学性质。In this paper, the effect of calcite supernatant on the surface chemistry of bastnaesite was studied. Through Zeta potential measurement and flotation test, octyl hydroxamic acid, diphosphonic acid and composite collector were used as collectors to float bastnaesite in the presence or absence of supernatant. The results show that different flotation effects are obtained by treating bastnaesite in the supernatant with three collectors, and the best recovery rate of the composite collector is 95.3%. Zeta potential measurements show that the effect of Ca^(2+) in the supernatant on the surface electrical properties of bastnaesite is more obvious in alkaline solution. Among them, the surface potential of bastnaesite in the composite collector has the smallest negative shift, and the Ca(OH)+ in the supernatant of calcite is easily adsorbed by the surface of bastnaesite when the IEP moves right to 8.8. The FTIR results show that bastnaesite more easily adsorbs the composite collector in the supernatant of calcite, which is due to the activation of the surface active sites of bastnaesite by Ca(OH)^(+) in the supernatant of calcite and the active sites on surface of bastnaesite are easy to be combined with the collector and form metal chelates. XPS analysis shows that new peaks of N 1s, P 2p and Ca 2p appear in the whole spectrum of bastnaesite treated by composite collector in calcite supernatant, indicating that N, P and Ca elements in composite collector are adsorbed. The adsorbed Ca may be the Ca(OH)^(+) in the calcite supernatant adsorbed on the surface of bastnaesite. The composite collector forms a metal chelate under the action of Ca(OH)^(+) and bastnaesite, and its adsorption structure may be R-NH-O-Ca-CeCO_(3)F and R-P-O-Ca-CeCO_(3)F. These findings confirm that effective flotation separation of rare earth minerals not only depends on the strength of collectormineral interaction, but also largely depends on the chemical properties of the flotation solution.

关 键 词：氟碳铈矿 方解石上清液 表面化学 复合捕收剂 稀土 

分 类 号：TD955[矿业工程—选矿]