过氧化物酶体在不同生物中的增殖机制  

Mechanism of peroxisome proliferation in different organisms

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作  者:韩雅韬 王梦晶 路子琪 王教瑜[2] 李玲[1] HAN Yatao;WANG Mengjing;LU Ziqi;WANG Jiaoyu;LI Ling(College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China)

机构地区:[1]浙江农林大学现代农学院,浙江杭州311300 [2]浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所,浙江杭州310021

出  处:《浙江农业学报》2024年第12期2870-2884,共15页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基  金:浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划项目(2023C02018);嘉兴市科技特派员专项(K2022B001);国家自然科学基金项目(31900126);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(202110341006)。

摘  要:过氧化物酶体是真核生物细胞中普遍存在的细胞器,参与多种代谢过程,尤其是脂质的代谢。过氧化物酶体在应对外界环境变化的过程中,数量和体积会随外界环境的改变而变化,其增殖过程主要通过从头合成和增殖(分裂)等2个过程实现。从头合成过程是内质网(endoplasmic reticulum)通过出芽生殖形成过氧化物酶体前体(一种囊泡状结构),前体囊泡在胞质中招募膜蛋白以及基质蛋白,最终成为成熟过氧化物酶体。PEX3、PEX16以及PEX19基因对过氧化物酶体膜蛋白(peroxisomal membrane proteins,PMPs)的生物合成有重要作用,主要参与过氧化物酶体的从头产生过程。过氧化物酶体增殖(分裂)包括过氧化物酶体的极化、膜的突出与伸长、基质蛋白的转运、膜的收缩及分裂等多个过程。PEX11基因编码过氧化物酶体膜延伸因子,在过氧化物酶体增殖过程中参与膜的极化、突出与伸长,此外,Vps1和Dnm1可调节过氧化物酶体的形态、复制和丰度,Inp1和Inp2等参与过氧化物酶体的遗传。文章对各种生物物种中的过氧化物酶体增殖过程及相关基因功能进行了总结和比较,以期为过氧化物酶体的研究和利用提供思路。Peroxisomes are organelles that are commonly found in eukaryotic cells and are involved in a variety of metabolic processes,especially lipid metabolism.The number and volume of peroxisomes will change in response to changes in the external environment,and their proliferation process is realized mainly through de novo synthesis and proliferation(division)processes.The de novo synthesis process involves the formation of peroxisome precursors(a vesicle-like structure)by the endoplasmic reticulum through budding reproduction,and the recruitment of membrane proteins as well as matrix proteins in the cytoplasm by the precursor vesicles,which eventually become mature peroxisomes.PEX3,PEX16 and PEX19 gene are mainly involved in the de novo production of peroxisomes and play an important role in the biosynthesis of peroxisomal membrane proteins(PMPs).Peroxisome proliferation(division)includes several processes such as peroxisome polarization,membrane protrusion and elongation,matrix protein transport,membrane contraction and division.PEX11 gene encodes a peroxisomal membrane elongation factor that is involved in membrane polarization,protrusion and elongation during peroxisome proliferation.In addition,Vps1 and Dnm1 regulate the morphology,replication and abundance of peroxisomes,and Inp1 and Inp2 are involved in the inheritance of peroxisomes.In this review,we summarize the peroxisome proliferation processes and related gene functions in different organisms to provide ideas for the expectation of peroxisome utilization.

关 键 词:过氧化物酶体 从头合成 增殖 PEX基因 

分 类 号:Q2[生物学—细胞生物学]

 

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