低积累作物品种筛选技术在保障重金属污染农田安全生产中的研究进展与应用  

Research progress and application of low accumulation crop variety screening technology in ensuring safe production on heavy metal contaminated farmland

作　　者：孙玖明 张大乐[2] 宋纪斌 赵守强 李晓彤 李中阳[1] 宋伟平 刘源[1] SUN Jiuming;ZHANG Dale;SONG Jibin;ZHAO Shouqiang;LI Xiaotong;LI Zhongyang;SONG Weiping;LIU Yuan(Institute of Farmland Irrigation,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,Henan,China;College of Agriculture,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,Henan,China;Tianming Environmental Remediation Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 451162,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [2]河南大学农学院,河南开封475004 [3]天明环境修复有限公司,河南郑州451162

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2024年第12期2895-2908,共14页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：中国农业科学院农科英才特殊支持计划(NKYCQN-2021-028);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目。

摘　　要：低积累作物品种在重金属污染农田中的种植是农业安全生产的热点话题。在我国耕地面积有限的情况下,筛选低积累作物品种并在中轻度重金属污染农田上进行种植是保持连续生产能力的重要措施。重金属低积累品种的筛选技术主要有传统筛选技术、分子遗传学技术,以及基于大数据和人工智能的技术等。传统的品种筛选方法虽然简单易行,但对于重金属低积累能力的评估较为主观,可靠性欠佳;分子遗传学技术在品种筛选应用中已取得了一定的进展,但仍需要进一步完善和优化;大数据和人工智能技术的结合为品种筛选提供了强大的工具,可以快速、准确地分析和挖掘大规模的基因组和表型数据,从而预测和选择具有重金属低积累相关基因的品种。在总结低积累作物品种筛选技术研究进展和应用现状的基础上,针对目前筛选技术不完善且还存在挑战和限制等现状,探讨了其可行性、可持续性,以及未来的研究方向和发展趋势,以期为推动低积累作物品种的大规模应用提供参考。Planting low accumulation crop varieties in heavy metal contaminated farmland is a hot topic in the current area of safe production in agriculture.Due to the limited arable land in China,planting the crop varieties with low-accumulation capability of contaminants obtained from screening in moderately or lightly heavy metal contaminated farmland is an important measure to maintain the continuous production capacity.Screening techniques for crop varieties accumulating less heavy metals mainly consist of traditional screening techniques,molecular genetics techniques,and technologies based on big data and artificial intelligence.Although the traditional screening methods are simple and easy relatively,the evaluation of heavy metal accumulation ability is subjected to the poor reliability.Molecular genetics technology has achieved some progresses in the application of variety screening,yet it still needs to be further improved and optimized.The combination of big data and artificial intelligence technology provides a powerful tool for variety screening,which can quickly and accurately analyze and excavate large-scale genomic and phenotypic data to predict and select varieties with genes related to low accumulation of heavy metals.On the basis of summarizing the research advances and application status of screening techniques for low accumulation crop varieties,we propose their feasibility,sustainability,future research directions and development trends,in order to provide a reference for promoting the large-scale application of low-accumulation crop varieties.

关 键 词：植物修复 污染土壤 重金属 低积累 品种 

分 类 号：S502.4[农业科学—作物学]