基于Marchenko理论的层间多次波压制方法  

A Marchenko theory-based method for internal multiple suppression

作　　者：廖震 马继涛[1] 陈小宏[1] 李文瑾 LIAO Zhen;MA Ji-Tao;CHEN Xiao-Hong;LI Wen-Jin(College of Geophysics,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)地球物理学院,北京102249

出　　处：《物探与化探》2025年第1期52-62,共11页Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技管理部项目(2022DQ0604-03)。

摘　　要：在地震数据处理流程中,层间多次波的形成机理异常复杂,如何对其准确识别与有效压制一直是地球物理勘探领域中的一个难题。传统的层间多次波压制方法往往需要人工识别地下反射层,在地下介质结构复杂的情况下较难适用。而且这类方法不仅过程繁琐,在预测层间多次波时,通常只能保证时间位置一致,振幅大小往往与实际数据中的观测值不符,一般需要借助自适应匹配相减算法来消除层间多次波。基于Marchenko理论的层间多次波压制方法在处理过程中,通过格林函数的褶积相关互易定理构建聚焦函数与格林函数的波场关系,利用聚焦函数基于波场关系求解得到格林函数,最终得到格林函数构建的多次波或一次波,该方法在迭代进行多维相关和褶积计算过程中只需提供背景速度或原始数据本身作为算子,步骤简便,计算效率高。本文基于Marchenko方程利用格林函数构建一次波场的表达式,通过SMAART模型和墨西哥湾实际数据的测试证明了Marchenko方法能够有效压制复杂地下介质条件下的层间多次波,迭代计算过程中无须速度信息,相比常规方法具有较大优势,在处理难以区分层位的复杂地下环境时具有很好的应用前景。Seismic data processing reveals that internal multiples exhibit highly complex formation mechanisms,making their accurate identification and effective suppression a persistent challenge in geophysical exploration.Traditional methods for internal multiple suppression frequently require manual identification of subsurface reflection interfaces,making them difficult to apply to complex underground medium structures.Moreover,these methods are not only computationally cumbersome but also typically ensure only temporal and positional consistency when predicting internal multiples.The amplitude often deviates from observed values,requiring adaptive matching subtraction algorithms for effective suppression.This study developed an internal multiple suppression method based on Marchenko theory.Specifically,the wavefield relationships between the focusing function and Green s function were constructed using the convolution and correlation reciprocity theorem of the Green s function during data processing.The Green s function was then solved using the focusing function,yielding either multiples or primaries constructed from the Green s function.This method requires only the background velocity or the original data as operators during the iterative multidimensional correlation and convolution process,rendering it simple and computationally efficient.This study constructed an expression for the primary wave field using the Green s function and the Marchenko equation.The tests using the SMAART model and actual data from the Gulf of Mexico demonstrate that the Marchenko method can effectively suppress internal multiples under the conditions of complex subsurface media.The iterative process requires no velocity information,providing significant advantages over conventional methods and great potential for application in complex underground environments where layers are difficult to distinguish.

关 键 词：层间多次波 格林函数 数据驱动 Marchenko方程 地震资料处理 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]