光绪初年鸦片禁政与西北诸省督抚的应对  

The Response of Zongdu and Xunfu in Northwestern Provinces to the Opium-banning Policy in the Early Years of Emperor Guangxu’s Reign

作　　者：宋鹏飞 Song Pengfei

机构地区：[1]暨南大学历史系,广东广州510000

出　　处：《史学月刊》2025年第2期35-43,共9页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：同光年间,抑制罂粟泛滥是社会治理的重要内容之一,但是,清廷查禁本土罂粟种植的同时允许洋药纳税贸易,这一矛盾政策导致外省督抚禁弛态度游移。丁戊奇荒爆发后,种植罂粟造成的粮食减产问题凸显,西北省份对罂粟查禁更趋严厉。晋陕两省督抚有意将禁种罂粟与禁烟要政相区别,依据地方实情进行自我决断,反映了区域应对的特殊性和个性化。从灾荒背景下透视国家禁政的推进,可见督抚治理受到筹饷、民食等因素的牵制,清廷依违弛禁的政策取向也是一个不容忽视的因素。将禁政与税政贯通起来观测,有助于加深对区域禁政与国家治理策略的理解。During the period of Tongzhi and Guangxu, curbing the spread of poppy was an important part of social governance.However, the Qing court banned the cultivation of local poppy while allowing the trade of foreign opium on condition of paying taxes.This contradictory policy led to uncertainty in local governance.After the outbreak of the Dingwu disaster, the problem of grain production reduction caused by the cultivation of poppy was highlighted, and poppy was banned more severely in the northwestern provinces.However, Zongdu and Xunfu of Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces intentionally distinguished the ban on opium and the ban on poppy cultivation, and made their own decisions according to the local situation, reflecting the particularity and personalization of local governance.From the perspective of national opium-banning activities under the background of famine, it can be seen that local governance was affected by lack of funds, shortage of food, interference of Beijing officials and policy changes.Integrating the policy of prohibition and the policy of taxation is conducive to deepening our understanding of regional policy of prohibition and national strategy of governance.

关 键 词：丁戊奇荒 西北地区 鸦片 财政 禁烟 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]