清末新政时期同城总督、巡抚关系初探——以张之洞、端方湖北任职为例  

A Preliminary Exploration of the Relationship Between Zongdu and Xunfu in the Same City During the Period of the New Policy in the Late Qing Dynasty: Taking Zhang Zhidong and Duan Fang’s Tenures in Hubei as an Example

作　　者：潘崇 Pan Chong

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学社会历史学院,福建福州350117

出　　处：《史学月刊》2025年第2期44-55,共12页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“锡良年谱(1853—1918)”(22BZS092)。

摘　　要：张之洞、端方以鄂督、鄂抚身份共事近三年间的人际关系,是清末新政时期同城总督、巡抚关系的一个缩影。张之洞素来赏识端方并举荐其抚鄂,两人共事初期关系尚称融洽。但好景不长,端方因不满张之洞大权独揽而生怨,屡屡私函军机大臣荣禄揭批张之洞鄂政不是。张之洞调署南洋后仍不忘鄂事,托付梁鼎芬汇报鄂局形势,以“正任湖广总督”身份遥制鄂政。兼署督篆的端方不乏向张之洞请示汇报的一面,但更有自行其政以及秉持“节啬为先”理念欲图改变张氏“务宏大”改革布局的一面,加之谋求真除鄂督,引发后者持续厌恶与抵制。张之洞、端方交恶根源在于总督、巡抚权力划分问题,政治性格差异也起到推波助澜作用。揆其影响,不仅对湖北新政事业制造障碍,也扰乱了湖北官场秩序与稳定,为理解新政时期清政府裁撤督抚同城之抚职的重大决策做了注脚。Zhang Zhidong and Duan Fang served as Zongdu(总督) and Xunfu(巡抚) in Hubei for nearly three years, and their relationship was a microcosm of the relationship between Zongdu and Xunfu in the same city during the period of the New Policy in the late Qing dynasty.Zhang appreciated Duan and recommended him as Xunfu of Hubei.At first, they enjoyed good relationship and close cooperation, but soon rift arose because of Zhang's monopoly of power, and Duan repeatedly revealed to Rong Lu, the Grand Minister of the State, the deficiency of Zhang's reign in private letters.After being transferred to Nanyang, Zhang was still concerned with the affairs of Hubei and entrusted Liang Dingfen to brief him on the situation of Hubei, thus remotely controlling its politics as the “real Zongdu”.Taking over the position of Zongdu, Duan consulted and reported to Zhang on the one hand, and on the other hand acted on his own initiative based on the principle of frugality first, in order to change Zhang's reform layout.In addition, Duan had desire to oust the “real Zongdu”,which aroused Zhang's constant aversion and resistance.The root of the conflict between Zhang Zhidong and Duan Fang was the unclear division of power between Zongdu and Xunfu, and their difference in political personality also fueled the situation.As far as the influence was concerned, their conflict not only created obstacles for the New Policy of Hubei, but also disrupted the order and stability of the province's officialdom.It was also a footnote in understanding the significant decision of the Qing government's abolishment of Xunfu if there was Zongdu in the same city.

关 键 词：张之洞 端方 督抚同城 湖北新政 清末 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]