民法典视域下夫妻一方侵权之债的责任认定  

Determination of the Liability of One of the Husband and Wife for Tortious Debts from the Perspective of the Civil Code

作　　者：桑欣 Xin Sang(School of Law,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学法学院,江苏镇江

出　　处：《法学(汉斯)》2024年第12期7240-7247,共8页Open Journal of Legal Science

摘　　要：现行《民法典》就夫妻共同债务中的合同之债明确了责任归属认定规则,但是关于侵权之债的责任归属认定问题仍无明确规定。就这一问题,学术界众说纷纭的同时,司法实践中也出现了“同案不同判”的现象。为平衡被侵权人与未侵权配偶之间的利益,应当坚持阶层区分说——首先,判断配偶及家庭是否得到了客观利益或者有实际获益的可能性;其次,得到肯定回答的前提下,区分侵权人的主观心理状态是故意抑或是过失。在此基础上,明确非侵权配偶方的责任范围,平衡各方的利益需求,从而认定夫妻一方对外侵权之债的责任归属,意欲与我国现行合同之债的立法相衔接,更好地回应司法实践。“Civil Code”of the People’s Republic of China clarifies the rules for determining the attribution of liability for contractual debts in the joint debts of husband and wife,but there are still no clear provisions on the attribution of liability for tortious debts.While there are different opinions in the academic circles on this issue,the phenomenon of“different judgments in the same case”has also emerged in judicial practice.In order to balance the interests of the infringed party and the non-infringed spouse, the theory of class distinction should be adhered to: First, determine whether thespouse and family have received objective benefits or the possibility of actual benefits;Secondly, onthe premise of obtaining an affirmative answer, distinguish whether the subjective psychologicalstate of the infringer is intentional or negligent. On this basis, clarify the scope of liability of the noninfringingspouse and balance the interests and needs of all parties so as to determine the attributionof the liability of one of the husband and wife for external tort debts is intended to be in linewith the current legislation on contract debts in China and better respond to judicial practice.

关 键 词：侵权之债 夫妻共同债务 个人债务 共同生产经营 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]