“下笔人”与“笔下人”:约瑟福斯的历史书写与情感体验  

The “Writer” and “Character”: Historical Writing and Emotional Experience of Josephus

作　　者：阿慧 A Hui

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院历史理论研究所,北京100083

出　　处：《史学月刊》2025年第1期125-136,共12页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“西方历史理论发展史”(22VLS016);国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“中东史学通史(五卷本)”(23VLS027)。

摘　　要：在《犹太战争》的历史书写中,约瑟福斯同时具有“下笔人”和“笔下人”的双重身份。从情感史的角度上看,“下笔人”约瑟福斯以“后见之明”的方式,通过写作“笔下人”约瑟福斯应对战争中不同群体势力的复杂策略,体现了对犹太叛乱者的憎恨、对犹太民众的怜悯、对罗马人的尊重等情感体验。他在历史反思中实现了一种向内的归因,认为犹太战争爆发的根源在于犹太人内部的矛盾。在写作战争史这一经典的古代史学的写作类型时,约瑟福斯始终试图在历史自述中压抑自己的情感体验,谋求历史书写的平衡,这使他在西方史学史上独树一帜。In his historical writing of Bellum Judaicum,Josephus has a dual role as a “writer” and a “character”.From the perspective of emotional history, the “writer” Josephus used a way of hindsight and wrote about the complex strategies of the “character” Josephus dealing with forces of different groups during the Jewish war, reflecting his emotional experiences such as hatred for the Jewish rebels, pity for the Jewish people, and respect for the Romans.He realized an inward attribution in the historical reflection, and believed that the root cause for the outbreak of the Jewish war was the internal contradictions of the Jews.When writing war history, a classic type of ancient historiography, Josephus always tried to suppress his emotional experience in the historical self-narrative and sought the balance of historical writing, which makes him unique in the history of Western historiography.

关 键 词：约瑟福斯 《犹太战争》 历史书写 情感体验 情感史 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]