中国新质生产力:水平测度、空间差异与动态演进  

New Quality Productivity in China:Level Measurement,Spatial Differences and Dynamic Evolution

作　　者：裴斯怡 吴先强 Pei Siyi;Wu Xianqiang(School of Marxism,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China;Party School of Zhejiang Provincial Committee of C.P.C,Hangzhou 311121,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学马克思主义学院,广州510641 [2]浙江省委党校“八八战略”创新发展研究院,杭州311121

出　　处：《工业技术经济》2025年第3期3-13,共11页Journal of Industrial Technology and Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“高质量发展视域下产业绿色发展的多尺度评价、动因解析及其路径优化研究”(项目编号:20CJY011)。

摘　　要：本文基于新质生产力的理论内涵,探索性的运用Undesirable-Window-DEA模型测算2012~2023年中国新质生产力水平,并运用Dagum基尼系数及Kernel密度估计方法分析中国新质生产力水平的空间差异及动态变化。研究发现:中国新质生产力水平总体呈稳步上升趋势,但整体水平还不高;新质生产力水平空间差异显著,表现出明显的俱乐部效应;区域间差异是新质生产力水平空间异质性的主要来源;新质生产力水平空间差异呈收敛趋势;存在较为突出的新质生产要素投入冗余情况,且地区差异较大。建议按照因地制宜理念优化各地新质生产要素配置,针对“引领型”、“发展型”、“追赶型”、“潜力型”地区分类采取培育措施,并在全国层面加快完善相关制度,建立与新质生产力相适应的新型生产关系。本文基于Undesirable-Window-DEA模型测算得到的效率值更符合“新质生产力”内涵,这使对新质生产力水平的测度与评价、时空差异特征的刻画、空间差异来源及动态变化的分析更贴合实际,对投入冗余的分析为优化新质生产要素配置提供了方向。Based on the theoretical connotation of new quality productivity,this article explores the use of the Undesirable Windows DEA model to measure the level of new quality productivity in China from 2012 to 2023,then uses the Dagum Gini coefficient and Kernel Density Estimation to analyze the spatial differences and dynamic changes of China's new quality productivity.Research has found that the overall level of new quality productivity in China is steadily increasing,but the overall level is not high.There is a significant spatial difference in the level of new quality productivity,showing a clear club effect.Regional differences are the main source of spatial heterogeneity in the level of new quality productivity.The spatial differences in the level of new quality productivity are converging;there is a prominent redundancy in the input of new quality production factors,and there are significant regional differences.It is suggested to optimize the allocation of new quality production factors in various regions according to the concept of adapting to local conditions,adopt cultivation measures for“leading”,“catching up”,“urgent breakthrough type”and“potential”regions,and accelerate the improvement of relevant systems at the national level to establish new production relations that are compatible with new quality productivity.The marginal contribution of this study is that the efficiency values calculated based on the Undesirable Windows DEA model are more in line with the meaning of“new quality productivity”,which makes the measurement and evaluation of the level of new quality productivity,the characterization of spatiotemporal differences,the analysis of spatial differences sources and dynamic changes more realistic,the analysis of input redundancy provides direction for optimizing the allocation of new quality production factors.

关 键 词：新质生产力 水平测度 空间差异 动态演进 要素冗余 新质生产要素 Undesirable-Window-DEA模型 全要素生产率 

分 类 号：F042[经济管理—政治经济学] F124