南海渔业生态系统结构分析  

Analysis of fishery ecosystem structure in the South China Sea

作　　者：赖梦盈 余为[1,2,3,4,5] LAI Mengying;YU Wei(College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海201306 [2]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [4]农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海201306 [5]农业农村部大洋渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海201306

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2024年第11期1336-1350,共15页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2401303);上海市自然科学基金项目(23ZR1427100);上海市人才发展资金项目(2021078)

摘　　要：南海是中国近海重要的海洋生态系统之一,气候变化和渔业捕捞等因素会影响其结构和功能。为全面了解1950—2019年这70年南海渔业生态系统结构的长期变化特征,根据Sea Around US提供的1950—2019年南海渔业产量数据,结合Fish Base和Sea Life Base提供相关物种的最适温度以及Sea Around Us Biodiversity提供的对应物种的营养级进行了研究分析。结果显示,南海渔业产量稳步上升,其中中国的产量占比最高。自1981年以来,南海机动渔船数量和功率稳步上升,到1990年后逐步稳定;而非机动渔船数量和吨位则急剧下降。跃变分析发现南海渔业生态系统跃变集中发生在20世纪80年代中期、90年代中期及21世纪10年代早期,较好地反映了不同年代的渔业捕捞现状。然而,气候变化也是渔业生态系统跃变的主要因素之一。在今后的研究中,应综合考虑气候变化和渔业捕捞等因素,全面探究影响南海渔业生态系统变化的主导因素,为制定渔业管理策略提供依据。Recent evidence suggests that climate change affects the biodiversity,structure,and function of marine ecosystems,a phenomenon known as marine ecosystem transition.Climate change is expected to increase the frequency of regime shift phenomena,and it often interacts with fishing,contributing to these shifts in marine ecosystems.The ecosystem of the South China Sea lies at the intersection of the north-south air flow,with the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Indian Ocean to the west.It is located at the confluence of Walker Circulation patterns influenced by the Indian and Pacific oceans and is the most complex region in the global climate system and the most sensitive region for large-scale air-sea interaction.Currently,most studies on the response of the fishery ecosystem to climate change in the South China Sea focus on the species level,with a few studies on the fishery ecosystem.Therefore,this study examined the long-term changes in the fishery ecosystem structure in the South China Sea.The study aimed to explore the dominant and main driving factors that promote these long-term changes and support the management and sustainable development of fishery resources within this ecosystem.This study obtained catch data of each species in the South China Sea fishery ecosystem from 1950 to 2019 based on Sea Around US and screened and preprocessed the data.The nutrient levels for various species were obtained from the preprocessed biodiversity database in Sea Around US and were categorized into five functional groups:medium pelagics,small pelagics,medium demersals,shrimps,and medium reef assoc.fish based on previous studies.The optimum temperatures for these species were sourced from previous studies,FishBase and SeaLifeBase,and were classified into three thermal groups:warm-,temperate-,and cold-water species.Using the catch data of different functional and thermal groups,the long-term change characteristics of fishery ecosystem structure in the South China Sea from 1950 to 2019 were systematically determined by multi

关 键 词：南海 渔业产量 海洋生态系统 长期变化 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]