雅砻江中游厚唇裸重唇鱼的繁殖特性与种群增长潜力  

Reproductive characteristics and population growth potential of Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus in the middle reach of the Yalong River

作　　者：李筱芹 曾如奎 倪达富 哈西 任军全 徐丹 田辉伍[3] 万卓坤 梁嘉峻 付梅 姚维志[1] 吕红健 LI Xiaoqin;ZENG Rukui;NI Dafu;HA Xi;REN Junquan;XU Dan;TIAN Huiwu;WAN Zhuokun;LIANG Jiajun;FU Mei;YAO Weizhi;LYU Hongjian(College of Fisheries,Southwest University,Conservation and Research Center for Aquatic Biodiversity in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment of Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Yalong River Hydropower Development Company,Ltd.,Chengdu 610000,China;Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学水产学院,农业农村部长江上游水生生物多样性保护研究中心,西南大学渔业资源环境研究中心,重庆400715 [2]雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司,四川成都610000 [3]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,湖北武汉430223

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2024年第11期1291-1305,共15页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3204200);国家自然科学基金项目(31802296);雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司资助科研项目(YLGZ-GZA-ZZ2020232)

摘　　要：为研究雅砻江中游厚唇裸重唇鱼(Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus)的繁殖特性与种群增长潜力,本研究于2020年10月至2022年5月在四川省甘孜藏族自治州内的新龙县至雅江县江段采集厚唇裸重唇鱼样本248尾,对其进行繁殖特性分析。结果显示,248尾厚唇裸重唇鱼样本中性腺发育达Ⅱ期的样本数量最多(n=143),其次是Ⅰ期(n=66),未采集到性腺发育达Ⅵ期,即产卵或排精后的样本;雄性和雌性样本的平均性成熟系数分别为(5.21±0.93)%和(4.75±0.87)%;平均卵径为(2.14±0.30) mm;产卵类型属单峰一次产卵型;平均绝对繁殖力和相对繁殖力分别为(9054±2310)粒和(6.56±0.69)粒/g,其中绝对繁殖力与体长、体重之间呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),但与性腺重无显著相关关系(P>0.05);182尾性别可辨样本的雌雄性比为1.49∶1,雌雄性最小性成熟个体的年龄均为4龄。考虑该物种本身繁殖特性的限制,以及栖息地演变与人为干扰等因素对种群增长的不利影响,初步推测雅砻江中游厚唇裸重唇鱼群体的种群增长潜力较低,未来发展将面临严峻挑战。Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus(248 individuals)were collected from the middle reach of Yalong River from October 2020 to May 2022 and used to study reproductive characteristics and assess its population growth potential.The results showed that the number of samples with phase-I and phase-II gonads was 66 and 143,respectively.No individual with phase-VI gonad was observed.The average gonadosomatic index(GSI)of male and female samples were(5.21±0.93)%and(4.75±0.87)%,respectively.The average egg diameter of the 24 female samples was(2.14±0.30)mm,and the spawning type of female G.pachycheilus belongs to the unimodal single spawning type.The average obsolute and relative fecundity of the female samples were(9054±2310)eggs and(6.56±0.69)eggs/g,respectively.A significant positive correlation was observed between absolute fecundity and standard length,body weight(P<0.05).However,no significant correlation was observed between absolute fecundity,and gonad weight(P>0.05).Of the 182 samples that could be sexed,the sex ratio was 1.49∶1(♀∶♂),and both the female and male samples presented the same minimum sexually mature age(4 years old).Furthermore,considering the constraints imposed by their biological characteristics and the detrimental impacts of habitat changes and human disturbances on population dynamics,the population growth potential of G.pachycheilus inhabiting the middle reaches of the Yalong River is limited,posing significant challenges for its future development.

关 键 词：裂腹鱼亚科 厚唇裸重唇鱼 繁殖特性 种群增长潜力 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]