高速行驶汽车的座舱噪声有源控制实验研究  

An experimental study on active noise control in the cabin of high⁃speed vehicles

作　　者：古志武 石黎 陈锴[1] 陶建成[1] 邹海山[1] Gu Zhiwu;Shi Li;Chen Kai;Tao Jiancheng;Zou Haishan(Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics,Ministry of Education,Institute of Acoustics of Nanjing University,Nanjing,210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学声学研究所,近代声学教育部重点实验室,南京210023

出　　处：《南京大学学报(自然科学版)》2024年第5期848-859,共12页Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11874218,12274221)

摘　　要：目前座舱噪声的有源控制研究一般针对车速低于80 km·h^(-1)、噪声以路噪为主的情况.高速行驶汽车的座舱噪声主要包括路噪和风噪,其有源控制鲜有研究.针对这一问题,基于实测噪声数据和传递函数通过离线仿真进行了研究.首先,通过在风洞实验室、转鼓半消声室以及高速周回道的实验对汽车在不同车速下行驶时的路噪、风噪和总噪声进行测量,分析路噪和风噪在总噪声中的占比及降噪需求.然后,基于上述三种场景的实测噪声数据与传递函数对路噪和风噪的有源噪声控制性能进行解耦分析,研究参考传感器数目和布放位置对控制性能的影响.结果表明使用24个振动参考可对路噪降低10 dBA以上,但即使使用超过100个振动参考,对风噪的降噪量也小于5 dBA,原因是在风噪激励下,振动参考与误差信号的相干性较差.最后,通过遗传算法对24个振动参考传感器的最优布放位置进行了分析,结果表明接近一半的参考传感器应优先布置于车辆底盘和车内地面,保证经该路径传递的噪声降低较多的情况下,在车身其他位置布放参考传感器以取得更高降噪量.Research on active noise control in the cabin of vehicles has generally focused on scenarios where the vehicle speed is below 80 km·h^(-1) and road noise predominates.However,the active control of cabin noise in high-speed driving vehicles,which mainly comprises road noise and wind noise,has received limited attention.Therefore,this study investigates the issue through offline simulations based on measured noise data and transfer functions.Firstly,experiments were conducted in a wind tunnel laboratory,a semi-anechoic chamber with a chassis dynamometer and a high-speed circular road to measure the road noise,the wind noise,and the total noise levels at various vehicle speeds.The proportion of the road noise and wind noise in the total noise,along with the requirements for noise reduction,were analyzed.Subsequently,decoupling analyses of the active noise control performance for the road noise and the wind noise were performed based on the measured noise data and the transfer functions from the aforementioned scenarios.The influence of the quantity and placement of reference sensors on control performance was investigated.The results indicated that employing 24 vibration references could reduce the road noise by over 10 dBA.However,even with more than 100 vibration references,the reduction in the wind noise remained below 5 dBA,primarily due to the poor coherence between vibration reference signals and error signals under wind noise excitation.Finally,the optimal placement of 24 vibration reference sensors was analyzed using a genetic algorithm.It was found that nearly half of the reference sensors should be primarily placed on the vehicle chassis and the interior floor,ensuring a significant reduction in the noise transmitted through this path.Additional reference sensors should be distributed across other locations on the vehicle body to achieve higher noise reduction levels.

关 键 词：有源噪声控制 汽车高速行驶 路噪 风噪 参考传感策略 

分 类 号：O429[理学—声学]