朝鲜后期汉语教科书的比较标记  

On the Comparative Marker of the Chinese Textbooks in the Late Joseon Dynasty

作　　者：张黎 敏春芳[1] ZHANG Li;MIN Chunfang

机构地区：[1]兰州大学文学院,730020 [2]甘肃政法大学文学与新闻传播学院,730070

出　　处：《历史语言学研究》2024年第1期150-164,共15页

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“西北民族地区回族话与回族经堂语、小儿经语言研究”(项目编号:17ZDA311)阶段性成果

摘　　要：朝鲜后期汉语教科书是出现于19世纪中晚期的朝鲜民间私人手抄汉语文献。本文立足历时和共时的双重视角,考察其比较句的基本构成要素之一比较标记的使用和相关特征。从朝鲜前后期汉语教科书内部的实际情况看,比较标记“比”处于语法化历程且比较功能缩小,“如”的比较功能也在消亡,“像”则虚化为比较标记;与清晚期本土文献相比较,呈现了旧式比较句的比较标记或比较功能的集体衰落与消亡。比较标记“比不如”和名词性成分充当比较结果等“非汉语用法”,是受朝鲜双语编者母语干扰影响而产生的“中介语”现象。The Chinese textbooks in the late Joseon Dynasty are some handwritten Chinese conversation textbooks compiled by Korean private people on the Korean Peninsula in the 19th century.From the perspective of synchronic and diachronic,this paper investigates that the usage and related features of comparative markers as one of the basic elements of comparative sentences.It examines the comparative markers of the Chinese textbooks in the Joseon Dynasty,and finds that the comparative marker“bi(比)”is in the process of grammaticalization and the comparative function is shrinking,the function of comparative marker“ru(如)”is also disappearing,while the comparative marker“xiang(像)”is emerging.Meanwhile,through the comparison between the Chinese textbooks in late Joseon Dynasty and the native literature in the same period,it depicts clearly the decline and disappearance of the comparative markers or functions of the old comparative sentences.The phenomenon of“non-Chinese elements”,such as the comparative marker“biburu(比不如)”and the noun serving as a comparing result,is the“interlanguage”which caused by interference from the mother tongue among compiler of the Chinese textbooks in the late Joseon Dynasty.

关 键 词：朝鲜后期汉语教科书 比较标记 历时和共时 非汉语用法 

分 类 号：H195.4[语言文字—汉语]