再释“侬”  

Revisiting“Nong(侬)”

作　　者：盛益民 SHENG Yimin

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中文系,200438 [2]复旦大学现代语言学研究院,200438

出　　处：《历史语言学研究》2024年第1期90-107,共18页

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“基于文献考证和历史比较的吴语语法史研究”(23AYY009)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文在先行研究基础上,进一步讨论历史文献及汉语方言中的“侬”。首先,文章认同“侬”的本字是“农”,在南朝吴语中发生了{农民}>{人}的创新性词义演变,并非壮侗语底层词;其次,文章认为中古文献中“侬”虽有指说话人的用法,但并非第一人称代词,是用旁称代词指说话人,而汉语方言中所谓表示第一、第二人称的“侬”来源于“我侬”“你侬”等,都不是原生性的;最后,文章通过分析历史文献材料指出,唐代“三侬”式表示人称代词复数,大概在宋代前后发生了复数单数化,沿海闽语中“三侬”式仍为复数,而复数单数化则对吴语和北部赣语的人称代词系统产生了深远的影响。Building upon previous research,this paper delves further into the historical and dialectal aspects of the word“nong(侬)”in Chinese.Firstly,the article supports that the original character for“nong(侬)”is“nong(农)”,and there was an innovative semantic shift from“farmers”to“people”in the Southern dialects during the Southern Dynasties.Secondly,the paper argues that while“nong(侬)”has a self-referential usage,it does not have a first-person pronoun usage.The usage of“nong(侬)”in Chinese dialects to represent the first and second person actually originates from“wonong(我侬)”and“ernong(尔侬)”.Lastly,the paper further points out that“sannong(三侬)”originally functioned as a plural personal pronoun,but later underwent a shift to singular form in Wu and Northern Gan dialects,significantly influencing the personal pronoun systems in both regions.

关 键 词：侬 语义创新 人称代词 复数单数化 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]