全过程人民民主中的乡贤重组:基于闽南D镇的基层协商民主制度化实践案例  

作　　者：林雪霏[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共事务学院

出　　处：《北大政治学评论》2024年第1期257-285,共29页Peking University Political Science Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“社会组织推动共同富裕的体制机制与政策体系研究”(21&ZD161)的研究成果

摘　　要：制度化运行的基层协商民主褪去了试点阶段的注意力资源,在乡村场域的常规运行中凸显出以精英聚合为导向的乡贤重组过程。该现象为何发生?民主动员是如何推动新乡贤群体从离散到聚合的转变?基于对闽南D镇三个村庄协商民主制度运行的观察发现,在制度性精英的主导和支持下,协商议事撬动了乡村社会精英并使其由原本离散或脱嵌状态转变为兼具公共性与聚合性的新乡贤群体。这一过程是在不同的村庄结构基础上,经由关键群体动员、场域结构化等环节实现的。在良性关联型、个体脱序型与精英割裂型三种不同类型的村庄结构下,协商民主制度分别经由组织聚合、身份授予和认知塑造三种干预机制完成乡贤重组过程。在当前村治情境下,全过程人民民主的乡土社会实践并非一蹴而就或全面普及,而是呈现为圈层化的发展逻辑。包括打造村治结构中间阶层的需求、遵循乡村社会基础的需求以及关键群体的能力与意愿考量等在内的因素,综合促使乡贤重组成为率先被激活的民主化过程。The institutionalized operation of grassroots consultative democracy gradually loses the attention resources it received as a typical pilot,highlighting the process of reconstituting rural talents guided by elite aggregation in the routine functioning within rural contexts.Why does this phenomenon occur?How does democratic mobilization drive the transformation of new rural talent groups from dispersion to aggregation?Based on observations of the operation of grassroots consultative democracy in three villages in D Town,it was found that,under the leadership and support of elites within the institutional framework,negotiation and deliberation has mobilized rural social elites and transformed them from a state of dispersion or detachment into a new group of rural talents with both public and aggregative characteristics.This process is realized on the basis of different village structures,through the stages of mobilizing key groups and structuring the field.In villages with different types of structures—namely,benign relational,individual disordered,and elite fragmented—grassroots consultative democracy completes the process of rural talent reconstitution through three intervention mechanisms:organizational aggregation,identity bestowal,and cognitive shaping.In the current context of village governance,the whole-process people's democracy in rural social practices is not achieved overnight or universally popularized,but follows a tiered developmental logic.Factors such as the need to build an intermediate stratum in village governance structures,the need to follow the foundation of rural society,and the capabilities and willingness of key groups,combined to make the reconstitution of rural talents the first activated democratization process.

关 键 词：协商民主 新乡贤 村庄结构 圈层扩散 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学] D621[政治法律—国际共产主义运动]