“哲人王不愿统治”:费奈隆论君主教育的内在张力  

作　　者：任舒怀 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共事务学院

出　　处：《北大政治学评论》2024年第1期129-156,共28页Peking University Political Science Review

基　　金：福建省国家治理能力建设研究中心课题“‘大一统’国家体制与国家生长理论”(FJ2021MJDZ001)的研究成果

摘　　要：公共利益的实现要求君主持守无利害性情,而超越世俗利益的君主却缺乏统治的基本动机,这一组张力构成了君主教育中经典的“哲人王不愿统治”问题。费奈隆在《特勒马科斯纪》中试图通过调控君主的自爱激情来缓和这一张力。一方面,教育使君主相信真正的幸福不在于政治权势,而在于内在安宁,从而使君主的自爱转变为趋向隐逸自由的欲望;另一方面,教育又必须强调真正的安宁在于身后的永恒救赎。这必须由君主生前恪尽职守、实现“真荣耀”才能赢取。凭借对君主自爱的这种复杂调控,费奈隆试图使君主在利害与无利害的张力之间找到平衡点。尽管费奈隆的君主镜鉴没有真正落实,“驯化自爱”的理念却深刻影响了启蒙运动,成为古今之变的一条隐秘线索。A prince must be disinterested enough to serve the common good,yet a person who remains completely disinterested lacks the motivation to fulfil the public obligation.Such is the dilemma of“the reluctant philosopher-king”in shaping a model prince.In Les Aventures de Télémaque,François Fénelon attempts to mitigate this tension by manipulating the prince's amour-propre.On the one hand,Telemachus is led to believe that true happiness comes not from political power but from one's inner tranquility,by which his amour-propre does not become ambitions and is alternatively transformed into a desire for private freedom.On the other hand,Telemachus is also taught that the ultimate tranquility is the eternal happiness in the afterlife,which is only earned with the“true glory”of this life as a benign king.The complex manipulation of amour-propre thereby maintains a delicate balance between a prince's self-interest and disinterestedness.Although Fénelon's educational project fails to crystallize in history,the idea of taming the amour-propre nevertheless profoundly inspires Enlightenment thinkers and constitutes a hidden transformation from the ancient to the modern.

关 键 词：费奈隆 《特勒马科斯纪》 君主镜鉴 启蒙运动 

分 类 号：D0[政治法律—政治学]