数字时代刑事侦查面临的挑战与应对  

作　　者：卞建林[1] 钱程 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院 [2]大连海事大学法学院

出　　处：《数字法治》2024年第4期28-40,共13页DIGITAL LAW

摘　　要：数字时代,各国侦查机关广泛应用大数据、人工智能等技术进行案件侦破与犯罪控制,刑事侦查效能显著提升。但是,数字侦查措施的高度技术性、适用隐蔽性、运行多维性使得侦查权内部张力增强,呈现不当扩张趋势。传统侦查程序规范对新型数字侦查措施难以有效控制,侦查机关泛用新型数字侦查措施存在冲击刑事正当程序、过度干预公民隐私权与个人信息权的问题,数字化、全景化侦查引发全民监控的风险。近年来,中国、美国、德国、日本等国家不断采取措施,逐步强化制度层面对数字侦查措施的控制,以应对数字时代刑事侦查面临的挑战。主要表现为:第一,以程序法定原则与比例原则为指导原则,明确数字侦查措施的法律授权,划定其适用限度;第二,强化对侦查权的法律控制,完善数字侦查措施的程序法规范;第三,强化对公民隐私权与个人信息权的保护,重点保障权利人的知情权、异议权与更正权。In the digital age,investigative agencies in various countries have widely used technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence to detect cases and control crimes,thus the efficiency of criminal investigation has been significantly improved.However,the highly technical nature,covert application and multi-dimensional nature of digital investigation measures have increased the internal tension of the investigation power,showing a trend of inappropriate expansion.It is difficult to use traditional investigative procedure standards to control new digital investigative measures.The widespread use of new digital investigative measures by investigative agencies has caused problems such as impacting criminal due process and excessively interfering with citizens'privacy rights and personal information.Digital and panoramic investigations also trigger the risk of nationwide surveillance.In recent years,China,the United States,Germany,Japan and other countries have continuously taken measures to gradually strengthen the control of digital investigation measures at the institutional level to cope with the challenges faced by criminal investigation in the digital era.First,taking the principle of procedural legality and proportionality as guiding principles to clarify the legal authorization of digital investigation measures and their application limits;Second,strengthening legal control over investigative powers and improving the procedure law of using digital investigation measures;Third,strengthening the protection of citizens'privacy rights and personal information,mainly focusing on protecting the right holders'rights to know,rights of objecttion and correction.

关 键 词：数字侦查 权利干预 正当程序 强制性侦查措施 个人信息权 

分 类 号：D918[政治法律—法学] D925.2