新型少磁式交替极自起动永磁电机磁路建模及特性分析  

Design and Research of a Less Magnetics Consequent-pole Line-start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

作　　者：吴凡[1] 王晓琳[1] 高起兴 王子禹 WU Fan;WANG Xiaolin;GAO Qixing;WANG Ziyu(Key Laboratory of More Electric Aircraft and Electrical System(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics),Nanjing 210016,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]多电飞机与电气系统重点实验室(南京航空航天大学),江苏省南京市210016

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2023年第S1期262-275,共14页PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHINESE SOCIETY FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

摘　　要：自起动永磁电机存在起动电流冲击大、转矩小、频繁起动易退磁、成本高等不足,该文提出的少磁式交替极自起动永磁电机,显著降低了起动中永磁发电制动转矩,大幅提高了最小转矩、抗退磁能力和稀土材料利用率。首先,对提出的少磁式电机进行等效磁路建模,探究无机械零区的气隙磁通密度波形和磁导系数与永磁体耐温关系,验证该结构对提升永磁体利用率和抗退磁的作用;其次,详细分析极弧系数对磁场分布、谐波及电机输出性能的影响,并对灵活极弧系数进行优化,搭建有限元模型,计算堵转电流与转矩、发电制动转矩、最小转矩,以及牵入和稳态等多工况下的运行性能。最后,依据优化方案,研制了一台2.2kW实验样机并完成测试。结果显示,与传统样机性能对比,所提新型结构样机起动性能好、效率高、可提高稀土材料利用率,测试结果验证了该文提出方案的可行性和优越性。Line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor(LSPM)has a variety of disadvantages such as high costs,excessive starting current,small starting torque and demagnetization and so on.In this paper a less magnetic type of consequent-pole line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor(CPLSPM)is designed to reduce the starting current and braking torque,to improve the starting torque and the utilization rate of rare earth permanent magnet.The model of the equivalent magnetic circuit of the motor is developed.The relationships between air gap flux density waveform without mechanical zero zone and the permeance coefficient,permanent magnet temperature resistance is explored.It is verified that the CPLSPM can improve the utilization rate of permanent magnet and anti-demagnetization ability.The transient finite element model is established and the output torque of the motor can be further improved by optimizing the pole arc coefficients.The finite element simulation models of CPLSPM are developed to analyze the torque and currents during locking,the minimum torque,braking torque of power generation mechanism,synchronization and the steady state characteristics.Finally,according to the magnetic circuit analysis and finite element simulation optimization,a 2.2kW prototype is designed and manufactured,and the prototype is tested experimentally.The results show that the prototype has good starting characteristics and high efficiency,while improving the utilization rate of rare earth materials.The experiment result verifies the effectiveness of the design method proposed in this paper.

关 键 词：少磁式 交替极自起动永磁电机 抗退磁 极弧 磁导系数 

分 类 号：TM85[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]