论《韵略易通》与《五方元音》中的照二化精现象兼论音变性质与音变律分类  

On the Phenomenon of“Zhao Er Hua Jing(照二化精)”in Yun Lue Yi Tong(韵略易通)and Wu Fang Yuan Yin(五方元音),and on the Nature and Classification of Phonetic Change

作　　者：冯蒸[1,2] 胡琳[3] FENG Zheng;HU Lin

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学中国诗歌研究中心,100089 [2]首都师范大学文学院,100089 [3]西南大学文学院,400715

出　　处：《历史语言学研究》2023年第2期227-246,共20页

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“北京方言形成的历史音韵层次研究”(17ZDA312);国家哲学社会科学基金一般项目“《五方元音》四种版本综合研究”(17BYY209)的资助

摘　　要：“照二化精”是近代汉语语音史中一项涉及字数虽不是很多但却是在共时和历时音韵资料中均很普遍存在的小音变,赵元任、王力、董同龢等音韵学大师对此都极为重视,并均有探讨。在现代汉语方言中,它分布于多个官话方言;在历史音韵资料中,此项音变在元代的《中原音韵》和明代的《老乞大谚解》《朴通事谚解》中已开其端。其后,若干历史音韵资料也时有所见,但有关论述均语焉不详。本文提供了前人未曾论及的明代《韵略易通》与清代原本《五方元音》中的“照二化精”全部字例,为这项音变的深入研究提供了新资料。以此为基础,本文进而探讨了“照二化精”的音变性质、音变条件与音变律的分类等问题,并以中古生母(审二)读送气塞擦音音变律为例,说明小音变律与例外音变划界的复杂性,对“照二化精”史与音变分类理论的研究提供了新的线索。The linguistic term“zhao er hua jing(照二化精)”is a minor sound change in the Chinese historical phonology,which involves not many words but is very common in synchronic and diachronic phonological data.Professors Y.R.Chao,Wang Li,Dong Tonghe and other phonological masters all attached great importance to and discussed this sound change.In modern Chinese dialects,it is distributed across multiple Mandarin dialects.In the historical phonological data,this phonological change has begun in the ZhongYuan YinYun(《中原音韵》)in Yuan Dynasty,and Lao Qi Da Yan Jie(《老乞大谚解》)and Piao Tongshi Yan Jie(《朴通事谚解》)in Ming Dynasty.Since then,it has also been seen in some historical phonological data,but the relevant statements are vague.This paper provides all the examples of“zhao er hua jing”in Yun Lue Yi Tong(《韵略易通》)in Ming Dynasty and Wu Fang Yuan Yin(《五方元音》)in Qing Dynasty,which have not been discussed by the predecessors,and provides new data for the in-depth study of this sound change.On this basis,this paper further discusses the phonetic change natures and conditions of“zhao er hua jing”and the classification of the phonetic change law,and takes the phonetic law of“sheng(生)”Initial(the second grades of“shen(审)”)in the Middle Chinese reading as the aspirated affricate as an example to illustrate the complexity of the demarcation between the small phonetic law and the exceptional phonetic change,which is a supplement to the study of the history of“zhao er hua jing”and provides new clues for the classification theory of phonetic law.

关 键 词：《韵略易通》 《五方元音》 照二化精音变 “照二化精”的音变性质 音变律的分类 生母读送气塞擦音音变律 

分 类 号：H114[语言文字—汉语]