水稻联合收获机主动离心式秸秆抛撒装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Active Centrifugal Rice Straw Spreading Device

作　　者：刘迪 王晓燕[1,2] 李洪文 何进[1,2] 王庆杰 卢彩云[1,2] LIU Di;WANG Xiaoyan;LI Hongwen;HE Jin;WANG Qingjie;LU Caiyun(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment for Conservation Tillage,Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]农业农村部保护性耕作农业装备重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第S1期81-91,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1500602-03)

摘　　要：针对东北黑土稻区水稻种植密度大、秸秆量多,导致还田过程中秸秆抛撒不均匀影响后续整地和插秧的问题,设计了一种水稻联合收获机主动离心式秸秆抛撒装置。通过建立导流板导秆落盘、抛撒盘离心抛秆、秸秆空中抛离3个过程运动学模型并进行理论分析,对导流单元、离心抛撒单元等关键部件进行设计。运用EDEM离散元软件进行单因素仿真试验,明确抛撒盘转速、扇叶偏角、导流板倾角和还田速率对抛撒横向均匀性变异系数的影响规律。以横向均匀性变异系数和抛撒幅宽为试验指标,利用主动离心式抛撒试验台进行Box-Behnken参数优化试验,并对优化结果进行田间验证与对比。验证试验结果表明,当抛撒盘转速为255 r/min、抛撒扇叶偏角为7°、导流板倾角为35°、还田速率为3.5 kg/s时,抛撒横向均匀性变异系数为17.34%,抛撒幅宽为4.58 m,与预测值误差小于5%,满足设计要求。通过与水稻联合收获机原装的导流式秸秆抛撒装置进行性能对比试验,得出设计的主动离心式秸秆抛撒装置抛撒效果更优。Aiming at the problem of high density of rice planting and large amount of straw in the black soil rice area of Northeast China,the uneven straw spreading during the return process affects the subsequent soil preparation and rice transplanting.An active centrifugal rice straw spreading device installed on a combined harvester was designed.By establishing the kinematic model and theoretical analysis of the three processes of deflector guide straw dropping plate,the spreading plate centrifugal spreading straw,and straw spreading in the air,,the key components such as the deflector unit and the centrifugal spreading unit were designed.EDEM discrete element was used to conduct a single-factor simulation test to clarify the influence of speed of spreading disc,the declination angle of fan blade,inclination angle of deflector and returning rate on the variation coefficient of lateral uniformity of the spreading,and further narrow down the range of paraments.Taking the variation coefficient of lateral uniformity and the spreading width as the test indicators,the Box-Behnken parameter optimization and verification test was carried out by using the active centrifugal spreading test bench,and the optimization results were verified in the field.At the same time,the results were compared with a guide straw spreading device.The bench test results showed that the variation coefficient of the lateral uniformity of the spreading was 16.98%,the spreading width was 4.56 m when the speed of the spreading disc was 255 r/min,the deflection angle of the spreading fan blade was 7°,the inclination angle of the deflector was 35°,and the straw returning rate was 3.5 kg/s.The error with the predicted value was less than 5%,meeting the design requirements.Through the performance comparison experiment with the original diversion straw spreading device of a combined harvester,the variation coefficient of lateral uniformity was reduced by 16.74%,and the spreading width was increased by 0.42 m,which concluds that the active centrifugal rice s

关 键 词：水稻联合收获机 东北黑土稻区 离心抛撒 离散元 

分 类 号：S225.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]