新疆罗布麻产业发展现状分析  

The current development status of the apocynum venetum industry in Xinjiang

作　　者：杨宏伟[1] 陈茹[1] 姚国民 贺雅婷 唐勇 王娟丽 陈勇[2] YANG Hongwei;CHEN Ru;YAO Guomin;HE Yating;TANG Yong;WANG Juanli;CHEN Yong(Comprehensive Experimental Site of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830002,China;Intitute of Soil,Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院综合试验场,乌鲁木齐830002 [2]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第S1期163-167,共5页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆农业科学院农业科技创新稳定支持经费项目“新疆罗布麻种质资源收集及绿色关键技术研究”(xjnkywdzc-2023005-7);新疆农业科学院青年理论学习小组调研项目

摘　　要：【目的】分析新疆罗布麻种质资源分布情况和产业发展现状,为新疆罗布麻产业发展提供参考。【方法】采用文献检索、实地调研等获取数据,运用统计计量学方法,分析新疆罗布麻种质资源分布和产业发展现状。【结果】新疆罗布麻种质资源丰富,北疆主要为红麻,主要分布在伊犁哈萨克自治州(简称伊犁州)、阿勒泰地区、乌苏县、玛纳斯县等地,保存较好的为玛纳斯湿地公园,甘家湖梭梭林自然保护区,呈片状生长。南疆既有红麻,又有白麻,和田、喀什多为白麻,阿克苏多为红麻,巴音郭楞蒙古自治州(简称巴州)是红麻和白麻的汇集地。罗布麻生长海拔242.8~1427.5 m,多生长在盐碱荒地、沙漠边缘、河流沿岸、水渠及水库湖泊周围。白麻比红麻耐旱且根系较发达。同为白麻,生境不同,干旱程度不同,植株高度、叶片大小、厚度、柔嫩度不同;罗布麻种植为育苗移栽、育苗成本高、人工采收为主,机械化程度较低。锈病和斑枯病是罗布麻大规模生产限制因子。【结论】新疆罗布麻分布范围广,种质资源丰富,产业处于快速发展的初级阶段。原料不足是制约产业发展因素之一。【Objective】To acquire a comprehensive understanding of the distribution of germplasm resources and the industrial development status of Apocynum venetum in Xinjiang,and to offer references for the advancement of the Apocynum venetum industry in Xinjiang.【Methods】The distribution of germplasm resources and the industrial development of Apocynum venetum in Xinjiang were explored through literature review,field investigation,and statistical analysis.【Results】The germplasm resources of Apocynum venetum are abundant in Xinjiang.Kenaf is mainly distributed in areas such as Yili,Altai,Wusu,and Manas in northern Xinjiang.Manas Wetland Park and Ganjiahu Forest Nature Reserve are well-preserved,and they grow in sheet form.In southern Xinjiang,both kenaf and white kenaf are present.Hotan and Kashgar mainly have white kenaf,Aksu mainly has kenaf,and Bazhou is a convergence place for kenaf and white kenaf.The rhizome grows at an altitude ranging from 242.8 meters to 1427.5 meters,mostly in saline-alkali wastelands,desert fringes,along rivers,canals,and around reservoirs and lakes.White kenaf is more drought-tolerant than kenaf and has a more developed root system.The plant height,leaf size,thickness,and tenderness vary in different habitats and degrees of drought.The cultivation of Apocynum involves seedling transplantation,with a high cost of seedling raising and mainly manual harvesting,and a low degree of mechanization.Rust and spot blight are the limiting factors for large-scale production.【Conclusion】The Apocynum industry in Xinjiang is in the initial stage of rapid development,and the shortage of Apocynum raw materials is the main factor restricting the industry's development.

关 键 词：罗布麻 产业 现状 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学]