玉米茎腐病生防菌的筛选及生防效果评价  

Screening of Corn Stalk Rot control bacteria and evaluation of control effects

作　　者：袁梓涵 赵雯慧 王小武 吐尔逊·阿合买提[1] 丁新华[1] 张帅[1] 付开赟 贾尊尊 郭文超[1] YUAN Zihan;ZHAO Wenhui;WANG Xiaowu;Tuerxun Ahemaiti;DING Xinhua;ZHANG Shuai;FU Kaiyun;JIA Zunzun;GUO Wenchao(Institute of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety.Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/新疆农业生物安全重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第S1期35-48,共14页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“新疆优势特色农作物重大有害生物绿色防控关键技术研发”(2023A02009)

摘　　要：【目的】筛选防治玉米茎腐病有效的生防菌,并评价其效果,获得高效防治玉米茎腐病的生防菌株。【方法】采用平板对峙法和菌丝生长速率法,以轮枝镰刀菌Fusarium verticillioides、胶孢镰刀菌Fusarium subglutinans、木贼镰刀菌Fusarium equiseti、层出镰孢菌Fusarium proliferatum、拟轮枝镰孢菌Fusarium sporotrichioides、变红镰刀菌Fusarium lateritium、禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum、尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum 8株玉米茎腐病病原菌为指示菌,通过4株候选菌株发酵滤液浸种试验,检测其发酵滤液对玉米种子萌发的影响。【结果】6株生防真菌中里氏木霉Trichoderma reesei的抑菌效果最好,其对8株病原菌的抑菌率达41.43%~60.29%,绿木霉Trichoderma viride的抑菌率次之,为11.55%~54.93%,粉红粘帚菌Gliocladium roseum抑菌率最差为1.61%-38.63%。6株生防真菌对8株病原菌的拮抗系数均为Ⅱ级,菌落均能占据平板的2/3以上。8株病原菌分生孢子在各生防菌发酵滤液中的萌发率均显著低于对照(P<0.05),其中,里氏木霉发酵滤液处理8株病原菌的孢子萌发率最低,仅为8.44%~13.56%。11种生防细菌中解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IK-5抑菌效果最佳,其对8株病原菌的抑菌率达47.04%~90.48%,解淀粉芽孢杆菌2#次之,为65.98%~76.71%,枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis ACB0043最差,仅为1.89%~51.53%。里氏木霉、绿木霉、解淀粉芽孢杆菌IK-5和解淀粉芽孢杆菌2#发酵滤液对玉米种子具有促生作用,绿木霉对玉米种子的萌发和生长促进效果最佳。【结论】菌株里氏木霉、绿木霉、解淀粉芽孢杆菌IK-5、解淀粉芽孢杆菌2#对玉米茎腐病具有较好的拮抗活性和促生能力,在玉米茎腐病防控中具有潜在的应用价值。【Objective】Corn Stalk Rot(CSR)is one of the major diseases on maize in Xinjiang,which seriously affects maize yield and quality.【Methods】In order to obtain biocontrol strains for efficient control of corn stalk rot,this study was carried out using the plate standoff method and mycelial growth rate method with Fusarium verticillioides,Fusarium subglutinans,Fusarium equiseti,Fusarium proliferatum,Fusarium sporotrichioides,Fusarium lateritium,Fusarium graminearum,and Fusarium oxysporum as the indicator organisms for the screening of eight strains of corn stalk rot pathogenic fungi.The effect of fermentation filtrates of four candidate strains on germination traits of maize seeds was tested by seed soaking experiment with their fermentation filtrates.【Results】The results showed that among the six strains of biocontrol fungi,Trichoderma reesei had the best inhibitory effect,and its inhibitory rate against the above eight strains of pathogens reached 41.43%-60.29%,while Trichoderma viride had the second highest inhibitory rate of 11.55%-54.93%,and Gliocladium roseum had the worst inhibitory rate of 1.61%-38.63%.The antagonism coefficients of the six biocontrol fungi against the eight strains of pathogenic fungi were all of class II,and the colonies were able to occupy more than 2/3 of the plate.The germination rate of conidia of eight strains of pathogenic fungi in the fermentation filtrate of each biocontrol fungi was significantly lower than that of the control(P<0.05),among which,the lowest germination rate of spores of eight strains of pathogenic fungi treated with the fermentation filtrate of Trichoderma reesei was only 8.44%-13.56%.Among the 11 biocontrol bacteria,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IK-5 had the best bacterial inhibitory effect,with its inhibition rate of 47.04%-90.48%against eight strains of pathogens,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 2#was the second best,with 65.98%-76.71%,Bacillus subtilis ACB0043 was the worst with only 1.89%-51.53%.The fermentation filtrates of T.reesei,T.viride,B.amyloliquefac

关 键 词：玉米茎腐病 拮抗菌 生物防治 生防效果 

分 类 号：S435[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]