长春地区秋季变应性鼻炎蒿属花粉致敏特征分析  

Analysis of sensitization characteristics of Artemisia pollen in autumn allergic rhinitis in the Changchun area of China

作　　者：刘畅[1] 方宏艳 刘敩[1] 富东娜 王贺[1] 王晶[1] 杨景朴[1] LIU Chang;FANG Hongyan;LIU Xiao;FU Dongna;WANG He;WANG Jing;YANG Jingpu(Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Second Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130041,Jilin,China;Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Changchun People's Hospital,Changchun 130051,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学第二医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,吉林长春130041 [2]长春市人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,吉林长春130051

出　　处：《山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报》2024年第5期13-19,36,共8页Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University

基　　金：吉林省科技厅项目(20220203114SF)

摘　　要：目的分析长春地区秋季蒿属花粉浓度及其对变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)就诊量的影响,明确该地区蒿属花粉致敏特征。方法收集2022年8月1日至10月31日空气中蒿属花粉浓度数据,统计同期吉林大学第二医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科日门诊量以及诊断为AR的患者数量。选取2019~2022年秋季(8月1日至10月31日)就诊于吉林大学第二医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科且行血清特异性IgE检测的长春地区患者1945例,检测结果有一种或多种变应原阳性的患者1506例。分析本地区蒿属花粉浓度对AR就诊量的影响及蒿属花粉的主要致敏特征,比较不同年龄和性别之间蒿属花粉的致敏情况,并分析单一蒿属花粉致敏和多重花粉致敏情况。结果蒿属花粉浓度在8至9月份升高,且蒿属花粉浓度与AR就诊量呈显著正相关关系(r_(s)=0.751,P<0.01)。血清特异性IgE检测中,蒿属花粉阳性率达44.6%,不同年龄段之间蒿属花粉阳性率不同(χ^(2)=4.377,P<0.05)。蒿属花粉致敏更倾向于多重致敏,主要以合并矮豚草(58.8%)过敏为主。结论长春地区秋季蒿属花粉浓度与AR就诊高峰基本一致。蒿属花粉是长春地区秋季AR患者的主要致敏原,且趋向于多重致敏。Objective To analyze the relationship between Artemisia pollen concentrations in autumn and the number of visits for allergic rhinitis,and the sensitization characteristics of Artemisia pollen in the Changchun area(Jilin,China).Methods From August 1 to October 31,2022,the concentration of airborne Artemisia pollen was determined,in addition to the number of outpatient visits to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Head and Neck Surgery of the Second Hospital of Jilin University,and the number of patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis.A total of 1,945 patients from the Changchun area underwent allergen testing in the autumn(August 1 to October 31)of 2019 to 2022,and 1,506 were positive for≥1 allergens by serology-specific immunoglobulin E(IgE)testing.The relationship between Artemisia pollen concentration and the number of consultations for allergic rhinitis and the main sensitizing characteristics of Artemisia pollen in this area were analyzed.Furthermore,sensitization to Artemisia pollen was compared between different age groups,sexes,and mono-sensitization and multiple-sensitization.Results The concentration of Artemisia pollen increased from August to September,and was positively correlated with the number of visits for allergic rhinitis(r_(s)=0.751,P<0.01).Serological-specific IgE testing revealed that Artemisia pollen positivity reached 44.6%.The positivity rate for Artemisia pollen differed among various age groups(χ^(2)=4.377,P<0.05).Artemisia pollen sensitization was more prone to multiple sensitization,and mainly associated with ragweed(58.8%).Conclusion The concentration of Artemisia pollen in autumn was consistent with the peak for visits for allergic rhinitis in the Changchun area.Artemisia pollen was the primary allergen in autumn among patients with allergic rhinitis,and tended to be multiple allergens.

关 键 词：变应性鼻炎 秋季 蒿 花粉 临床特征 

分 类 号：R765.21[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]