负载条件下机车牵引传动系统噪声源分离及控制研究  

Research on Noise Source Separation and Control of Locomotive Traction Drive System under Load Conditions

作　　者：刘晓波 王先锋 程雄 LIU Xiaobo;WANG Xianfeng;CHENG Xiong(State Key Laboratory of Heavy-duty and Express High-power Electric Locomotive,CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Co.,Ltd.,Zhuzhou Hunan 412001,China)

机构地区：[1]中车株洲电力机车有限公司重载快捷大功率电力机车全国重点实验室,湖南株洲412001

出　　处：《中国铁路》2024年第11期1-7,共7页China Railway

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(N2022J020)

摘　　要：牵引传动系统噪声是电力机车通过噪声中的主要噪声源之一。通过设计小型静音室,搭建“电机+齿轮箱”牵引传动系统的地面负载试验平台,分离出模拟装车载荷状态下的牵引传动系统、电机和齿轮箱噪声源的声功率,通过对噪声关键影响因素的对比验证,得到牵引电机、齿轮箱的最优控制方案,使车外通过噪声达到TSI标准84 dBA的要求。研究结果表明,合理的定子、转子槽配比是降低牵引电机噪声的重要措施;斜齿轮由于可提高啮合重合度,比直齿轮传动具有更好的低噪声特性,合理的螺旋角设计可获得更好的降噪效果;在牵引传动系统及其部件进行噪声测试时,采用小型静音箱可有效地隔离陪侍设备背景噪声的影响,可为牵引传动系统及部件的噪声测试提供“安静”的噪声测试和控制研究环境。The noise of traction drive system is one of the main noise sources of electric locomotive passing noise.Through the designed small soundproof booth,this paper establishes a ground load test platform for“motor+gear box”traction drive system,and separates the sound power of noise sources of traction drive system,motor and gear box under simulated loading conditions.By comparing and verifying the key influencing factors of noise,it obtains the optimal control scheme of traction motor and gear box,so that the passing noise outside the vehicle can meet the requirements of 84 dBA in the TSI standard.The study results indicate that the reasonable stator-rotor slot ratio is an important measure to reduce the noise of traction motor.The helical gear has better low-noise characteristics than the spur gear transmission due to its improved meshing contact ratio,and a better noise reduction effect can be obtained by reasonable spiral angle design.When the traction drive system and its components undergo noise test,a small sound attenuated enclosure can be used to effectively isolate the influence of background noise of attendant equipment,which can provide a“quiet”environment for noise test and control research of traction drive system and its components.

关 键 词：电力机车 牵引传动系统 牵引电机 齿轮传动 噪声控制 小型静音箱 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]