2021—2022年宁夏外环境禽流感病毒和职业暴露人群血清学监测分析  

Serological surveillance of avian influenza viruses in external environments and populations with occupational exposure in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2021 to 2022

作　　者：孙晓强[1] 穆婷 袁芳[1] 李龙山 曹慜 马学平[1] SUN Xiao⁃qiang;MU Ting;YUAN Fang;LI Long⁃shan;CAO Min;MA Xue⁃ping(Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ningxia Yinchuan 750004,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏回族自治区疾病预防控制中心,宁夏银川750004

出　　处：《江苏预防医学》2024年第5期604-606,618,共4页Jiangsu Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：宁夏自然基金项目(2021AAC03415)

摘　　要：目的了解近年宁夏外环境中禽流感病毒的分布情况及职业暴露人群禽流感病毒抗体水平,为人禽流感的防控提供科学依据。方法采用real-time RT-PCR方法对环境标本进行禽流感病毒核酸检测;采用血凝抑制法检测禽流感血清抗体滴度。结果2021—2022年宁夏地区共检测外环境标本1157份,禽流感阳性率为6.66%;2022年阳性检出率(8.09%)高于2021年(4.42%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.94,P<0.05)。77份流感病毒FluA核酸阳性标本以H9亚型为主(占96.10%),其次为H5亚型(占2.60%)、H7+H9混合亚型(占1.30%)。不同地区、类型、监测场所、季度监测标本阳性率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值为32.38~65.73,P值均<0.05),石嘴山市(13.69%)、清洗禽类污水(17.20%)、家禽屠宰加工厂(16.18%)、3季度标本(12.16%)阳性率较高。共采集857份职业暴露人群血清标本,抗体阳性检出率为3.50%,阳性标本以H5N6阳性为主(占60.00%),其次为H9N2(占36.67%)、H5N6和H9N2双阳性(占3.33%),未检出H3N8、H7N7、H10N3抗体阳性;5个监测点抗体阳性率以中卫市最高(8.13%),吴忠市最低(1.88%),不同监测点禽流感抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.34,P<0.05);不同接触方式职业人群禽流感抗体阳性率由高到低依次为禽类散养户集中地区工作人员(5.36%)、家禽规模养殖场工作人员(1.18%)、石嘴山市野生候鸟栖息地工作人员(1.22%),其他场所工作人员均为阴性。结论宁夏地区外环境中存在H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感病毒,H9亚型为优势亚型;禽流感病毒分布呈现地区性变化的特点。职业暴露人群有一定感染风险。Objective To investigate the distribution of avian influenza viruses in external environments and the level of antibody against avian influenza viruses among populations with occupational exposure in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,so as to provide insights into human avian influenza prevention and control.Methods The avian influenza virus nucleic acid was tested using real⁃time reverse⁃transcription PCR assay in environmental samples,and the serum avian influenza virus⁃specific antibody titer was detected using hemagglutination inhibition test.Results A total of1157 environmental samples were detected in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2021 to 2022,and the positive rate of avian influenza viruses was 6.66%,with a higher positive rate detected in 2022 than in 2021(8.09%vs.4.42%;χ^(2)=5.94,P<0.05).Of the 77 environmental samples tested positive for influenza A virus nucleic acid,H9 was the predominant subtype(96.10%),followed by H5 subtype(2.60%),and H7+H9 mixed subtypes(1.30%).There were significant differences in the positive rate of avian influenza viruses in environmental samples specified by sampling sites,environmental types,surveillance places and sampling quarters(χ^(2)=32.38 to 65.73,all P values<0.05),with a relatively high positive rate in Shizuishan City(13.69%),poultry⁃cleaning wastewater(17.20%),poultry slaughtering and processing factories(16.18%)and the third quarter(12.16%).A total of857 serum samples were collected from populations with occupational exposure,and the detection of a positive antibody against avian influenza viruses was 3.50%.Of seropositive samples,H5N6 virus⁃specific antibody was the highest antibody(60.00%),followed by H9N2 virus⁃specific antibody(36.67%)and H5N6/H9N2 virus⁃specific antibody(3.33%),and no antibody was detected against H3N8,H7N7 or H10N3 virus.In five surveillance sites,the highest positive rate of the antibody against avian influenza viruses was detected in Zhongwei City(8.13%),with the lowest in Wuzhong City(1.88%),and there was a significant di

关 键 词：禽流感 职业暴露人群 血清学 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学]