政府收集个人信息的三重法治逻辑  

作　　者：张硕 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学文法学院

出　　处：《数字法治》2024年第5期107-121,共15页DIGITAL LAW

基　　金：2024年国家社会科学基金青年项目“行刑反向衔接视域下的数字检察研究”(项目编号:24CFX103)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：信息时代来临,传统型政府不断向数字政府演进,公民身份与社会活动也更多以数字化形式呈现,个人信息构成了政府数字化建设与绝大多数行政职能履行的必要条件。但随着政府个人信息收集活动的不断展开与深入,行政调查权力的恣意,以及个人信息权益受损的风险骤然增加。这一方面根源于公私之间权力与权利的天然张力;另一方面则在于个人信息保护法制与行政法制尚未对政府的信息收集行为作出明确定位以及提供配套规则。完善政府个人信息收集活动的法治秩序,需要在价值目标上明确政府与公民间“权力—权利—义务”的双重平衡;在规范适用上,协调行政法制与个人信息保护法制的双重拘束;在保护模式上,采取基于权利与基于风险的双重保护。从以上三个维度,三位一体构建政府收集个人信息的底层法治逻辑。With the advent of the information age,the traditional government continues to develope into a digital government,and citizenship and social activities are increasingly presented in digital forms.Personal information constitutes a necessary condition for the government's digital construction and the performance of most administrative functions.However,with the continuous deepening development of the personal information collection activities by government,the arbitrary power of administrative investigation and the risk of damage to personal information rights and interests are increasing drastically.This aspect is rooted in the natural tension of power and right between public and private.On the other hand,the personal information protection legal system and administrative legal system have not made clear positioning and matching rules for the government's information collection behavior.In order to improve the legal order of the government's personal information collection activities,it is necessary to clarify the dual balance of“power-right-duty”between the government and citizens in terms of value objectives.In the application of norms,coordinate the dual constraints of administrative legal system and personal information protection legal system;In the protection mode,adopt the dual protection based on rights and risk.Above mentioned three aspects form the underlying legal logic of the government's collection of personal information.

关 键 词：个人信息收集 个人信息保护 行政调查权 个人信息权 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]