缴存住房公积金能够提升劳动者就业稳定性吗?——基于中国劳动力动态调查数据的实证检验  

Will the Housing Provident Fund Improve the Employment Stability of Workers?An Empirical Test Based on the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey

作　　者：吴义东 厉诗辰 王先柱 Wu Yidong;Li Shichen;Wang Xianzhu(School of Business,Anhui University of Technology,Ma’anshan 243032,China;Business School,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工业大学商学院,安徽马鞍山243032 [2]南京大学商学院,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《财经研究》2024年第12期47-61,共15页Journal of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(72404002);国家自然科学基金面上项目(72374003);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(23YJC790154);安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目(AHSKYQ2023D061)

摘　　要：住房公积金作为用人单位给予职工的一项福利待遇,其缴存是否能够提升劳动者的就业稳定,进而促进总体就业水平的提升?文章使用2016年、2018年中国劳动力动态调查数据,分析住房公积金对劳动者就业稳定性的影响。研究发现,住房公积金会显著提升劳动者的就业稳定性。机制分析表明,住房层面的“安居效应”及工作层面的收入效应、岗位认同效应、工作价值观效应是住房公积金影响劳动者就业稳定性的主要内在机制。异质性分析发现,住房公积金对个体权利意识低、家庭无外债、中高收入、技能密集型行业劳动者的就业稳定性存在显著的正向调节效应。从性别与住房产权层面看,公积金的稳就业效应对男性无住房产权劳动者来说并不明显。另外,对于工作时间为标准时长及适度超时工作的劳动者而言,其就业稳定性将会因缴纳住房公积金而提升,但对重度超时工作的劳动者而言,公积金的稳就业效应并不存在。文章结论表明,应深化住房公积金制度改革,提高劳动者就业能力,从而实现高质量就业。Realizing high-quality and full employment is the cornerstone of maintaining social stability,as well as an important guarantee for improving people’s living standards and thus achieving common prosperity.As a major component of people’s livelihood in China,the housing provident fund system can enhance workers’sense of gain,happiness,and security,and provide depositors with bottom-line protection.Using data from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey in 2016 and 2018,this paper analyzes the impact of the housing provident fund on the employment stability of workers.The study finds that the housing provident fund can significantly improve the employment stability of workers,and its impact path may have two levels:One of them is the income effect,job identity effect,and job value effect at the work level;and the other is the guarantee effect of tenure rights at the housing level.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that there is a significant positive moderating effect of the housing provident fund on the employment stability of workers with low awareness of individual rights,no external debt in their family,middle and high income,and skill-intensive industries.Meanwhile,in terms of gender and housing ownership,the employment stabilization effect of the housing provident fund is not significant for male workers without housing ownership.The marginal contributions of this paper are as follows:First,from the perspectives of people’s well-being and workers’sense of gain,it profoundly implements the people-centered development ideology and provides empirical evidence for safeguarding workers’employment rights and interests.Second,supported by classical theories,it explores the relationship between the housing provident fund system and employment stability from the material and psychological levels of the“common prosperity”mechanism.This can provide important policy insights and practical value for solving the problems of“stabilizing employment”and“guaranteeing people’s livelihood”,as well as further

关 键 词：住房公积金 就业稳定性 就业质量 工作满意度 超时劳动 

分 类 号：F293.3[经济管理—国民经济]