单次发射和连续发射对电磁炮轨道热效应的影响  

Influence of single launch and continuous launch on the rail thermal effect of electromagnetic gun

作　　者：马硕 王昊[2] 农奥兵 马洪亭[2] 马丹丹[2] 黄达伟 颜聪 MA Shuo;WANG Hao;NONG Aobing;MA Hongting;MA Dandan;HUANG Dawei;YAN Cong(School of Energy and Safety Engineering,Tianjin Chengjian University,Tianjin 300384,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]天津城建大学能源与安全工程学院,天津300384 [2]天津大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300350

出　　处：《热科学与技术》2024年第4期356-367,共12页Journal of Thermal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51876137)

摘　　要：电磁炮发射过程轨道的热效应分析对于控制发射精度和热管理具有重要意义,利用COMSOL分析软件分别建立了单次发射和连续发射模式下的几何模型及数学模型,仿真模拟了两种条件下轨枢接触区域、轨道横截面及轨道轴向温度随时间的变化关系。结果表明:在单次发射和自然冷却条件下,由于电流趋肤效应和速度趋肤效应的影响,轨枢接触面的高温区位于电枢尾部,且随时间的增加而不断升高,峰值温度最高值为325.0℃;沿电磁炮轨道轴向内侧温度分布整体上呈炮尾段高、炮口段低的趋势,且随时间的增加而升高,但峰值温度不会超过铜的熔点;在连续发射和自然冷却条件下,经过3次发射后,轨道的峰值温度升高至1 040.0℃,已接近铜的熔点温度,继续发射会导致轨道中热量的快速积累和峰值温度的迅速升高,甚至超过轨道材料的熔点,造成发射失败。因此,在没有主动冷却措施的条件下,电磁轨道炮无法实现实战化应用。研究结果对于电磁轨道炮的热管理具有重要参考价值。The thermal effect analysis of the rail in the launch process of electromagnetic gun is of great significance for controlling the launch accuracy and thermal management.The geometric and mathematical models under single launch and continuous launch modes are established by using COMSOL analysis software,and the changes of rail-armature contact area,rail cross section and rail axial temperature with time under the two conditions are simulated.The results show that under the conditions of single emission and natural cooling,due to the influences of current skin effect and velocity skin effect,the high temperature area of rail-armature contact surface is located at the tail of armature,and it increases with time until reaching the maximum peak value of 325.0℃.On the whole,from the tail to the muzzle of the electromagnetic rail,the inside temperature distribution of the rail along the axial shows a decreasing trend,and increases with time,but the peak temperature will not exceed the melting point of copper.Under the conditions of continuous launch and natural cooling,after three launches,the peak temperature of the rail rises to 1040.0℃,which is close to the melting point temperature of copper.Continued launch will lead to the rapid accumulation of heat in the rail and the rapid rise of the peak temperature,or even exceed the melting point of the rail material,resulting in launch failure.Therefore,without active cooling measures,the electromagnetic railgun can not realize practical application.The research results have important reference value for the thermal management of electromagnetic railgun.

关 键 词：单次发射 连续发射 电磁轨道炮 轨道热效应 

分 类 号：TJ303[兵器科学与技术—火炮、自动武器与弹药工程]