我国人类辅助生殖技术立法摭论  

On the Legislation of Human Assisted Reproductive Technology in China

作　　者：杨芳[1] Yang Fang(Center for Medical Humanities Research,Anhui Medical University,Hefei Anhui 230032,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学医学人文研究中心,安徽合肥230032

出　　处：《天水师范学院学报》2024年第6期71-78,共8页Journal of Tianshui Normal University

基　　金：2022年安徽省科研编制计划项目“基于打造‘健康长三角’的卫生健康科技治理体系研究”(2022AH010049)阶段性成果

摘　　要：人类辅助生殖技术作为高风险的现代医学助孕技术,既是促进人口高质量发展的必要辅助手段,也是引发各种社会伦理问题的高风险技术,合理妥善运用人类辅助生殖技术应当坚持立法先行。推动我国人类辅助生殖技术立法应当抓住立法质量这个关键问题,准确理解和妥善处理立法中的几对重要辩证关系:一是统筹兼顾科技创新发展与风险防范两大立法目标,以高水平技术安全力量保障人口高质量发展;二是善于发挥伦理治理与法律治理两种治理手段,以良法促善治;三是坚持问题导向,突出务实管用,构建人类辅助生殖技术准入制度体系,设置第三方生殖的法律禁区,规制人类生育力保存技术种类,确定人类辅助生殖技术所生子女的亲子关系;四是优化法律体系,做到人类辅助生殖技术相关法律基本原则排序与具体规范彼此关照、激励机制设计与法律责任制度并行不悖;五是用好他山之石和本土资源两类经验,既要立足我国国情,总结我国人类辅助生殖技术治理体系的主要内容和发展趋势,也要合理借鉴各国人类辅助生殖技术治理模式及其法律制度的成功经验。Human assisted reproductive technology,as a high-risk modern medical technology for assisted reproduction,is not only a necessary auxiliary means to promote high-quality population development but also a high-risk technology that raises various social and ethical issues.The reasonable and proper application of human assisted reproductive technology should adhere to the principle of legislation first.Promoting the legislation of human assisted reproductive technology in China should focus on the key issue of legislative quality,accurately understand and properly handle several important dialectical relationships in legislation:First,balance the two legislative goals of promoting technological innovation and risk prevention,ensuring highquality population development through high-level technological safety.Second,effectively utilize both ethical governance and legal governance as means of regulation,fostering good governance through sound laws.Third,maintain a problem-oriented approach,emphasizing practicality,and establish a system for the access of human assisted reproductive technology,setting legal prohibitions on third-party reproduction,regulating the types of human fertility preservation technologies,and determining the parent-child relationships of children born through human assisted reproductive technology.Fourth,optimize the legal system to ensure that the basic principles of laws related to human assisted reproductive technology are aligned with specific regulations,and that the design of incentive mechanisms runs parallel to the legal liability system.Fifth,leverage both external experiences and local resources,focusing on China’s national conditions,summarizing the main contents and development trends of the governance system for human assisted reproductive technology in China,while also reasonably drawing on the successful experiences of various countries'governance models and legal systems in this field.

关 键 词：人类辅助生殖技术 法律体系 良法 善治 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]