数字经济背景下非洲跨境数据流动与个人信息保护研究——以尼日利亚为例  

作　　者：黄彦婷 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院

出　　处：《复旦公共行政评论》2024年第1期167-191,共25页Fudan Public Administration Review

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“数字权力竞争背景下‘一带一路’新基建合作面临的挑战与对策研究”(编号:22CGJ046)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：非洲各国政府在数字技术领域突飞猛进,但非洲在数字经济的监管和立法方面亟须加强,以保障消费者权益和数据安全。本文在分析非洲跨境数据流动与个人信息保护的现状和问题的基础上,选取尼日利亚作为研究对象。尼日利亚的数据保护法律和制度模式与许多非洲国家有一定的相似性,但尼日利亚的个人数据保护和跨境数据流动法律也有独特之处,主要体现为《尼日利亚数据保护条例》(NDPR)与欧洲的《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)在法律框架方面保持一致,二者都强调保护数据主体的权利、明确数据控制者和处理者的责任;国家信息技术发展局(NITDA)在数据保护方面的角色与其他非洲国家的监管机构相似,但在实施力度、资源方面和个别权利的具体规定和执行方面与欧盟有差异。同时也应当指出,尼日利亚个人数据保护和跨境数据流动面临着实践困境,即移植多国立法于一法,导致核心概念出现争议;国家信息技术发展局合宪性存疑,影响执法效果;司法实践尚不够充分,法院判决缺乏一致性。本文也针对非洲国家的跨境数据流动与个人信息保护提出了相关建议。African governments have made rapid progress in the field of digital technology.However,Africa urgently needs to strengthen its regulation and legislation in the digital economy to protect consumer rights and data security.Based on the analysis of the current situation and issues regarding cross-border data flow and personal information protection in Africa,this study selects Nigeria as the research subject.Nigeria's data protection laws and institutional models have certain similarities with many African countries,but Nigeria's personal data protection and cross-border data flow laws also have unique features,mainly reflected in the consistency between Nigeria's Data Protection Regulations(NDPR)and Europe's General Data Protection Regulations(GDPR)in terms of legal framework,Both emphasize protecting the rights of data subjects and clarifying the responsibilities of data controllers and processors;The role of the National Information Technology Development Agency(NITDA)in data protection is similar to that of regulatory agencies in other African countries;However,there are differences with the EU in terms of implementation intensity,resources,and specific provisions and enforcement of individual rights.It should also be pointed out that Nigeria faces practical difficulties in personal data protection and cross-border data flow:transplanting legislation from multiple countries into one law has led to disputes over core concepts;There is doubt about the Constitutionality of NITDA,which affects the effect of law enforcement;Judicial practice is not yet sufficient,and court decisions lack consistency.This article also provides relevant suggestions for cross-border data flow and personal information protection in African countries.

关 键 词：数字经济 跨境数据 个人信息保护 个人信息保护法 尼日利亚 

分 类 号：D943.7[政治法律—法学] D99