非洲国家的土地分权与经济发展  

作　　者：黄振乾 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院

出　　处：《复旦公共行政评论》2024年第1期123-147,共25页Fudan Public Administration Review

摘　　要：进行土地分权是非洲国家在国家建设与发展中的一项重要的制度改革。传统对分权与发展的研究大体上聚焦在财政分权领域,土地分权和经济发展间的关系尚缺乏系统的实证分析。事实上,土地分权是非洲国家20世纪80年代中后期开始经历的重要政治经济改革现象,此项改革是否有助于非洲的经济发展有待深入分析。通过整合现有的分权理论,本文构建了一个土地分权改革和经济发展的初步理论框架。土地分权改革可以通过增强地方信息优势、地方政府责任性和农民生产激励三条主要路径增加对土地投入,最终有利于国家经济发展。为了对土地分权改革和经济发展的关系进行检验,本文整理了一个关于非洲国家土地分权改革的新数据集。实证分析表明,土地分权改革显著促进了非洲国家的经济发展:进行土地分权国家的经济增长显著高于未进行土地分权改革的国家,同时一个国家在土地分权改革之后的经济增长要显著高于改革之前。本文通过实证分析检验了土地分权和经济发展的关系,拓展了分权改革和经济发展理论,对发展中国家特别是非洲国家制定合理的土地政策有一定政策启示。Land decentralization is a key institutional reform in African countries that pertains to state-building and development.While research on decentralization and development typically focuses on fiscal decentralization,an empirical analysis of the link between land decentralization and economic development is still lacking.Since the mid-to-late 1980s,African countries have undergone a critical political and economic change in the form of land decentralization reform.However,determining whether this reform will contribute to Africa's economic development requires a thorough analysis.This article offers a preliminarytheoretical framework for land decentralization reform and economic development.By promoting local information advantages,local governmentresponsibility,and farmers'production incentives,land decentralization reform can encourage investment in land,which ultimately benefits economic development.To examine the relationship between land decentralization and economic development,this article compiles a new data set on land decentralization reforms in African countries and conducts empirical analysis.The results demonstrate that land decentralization has significantly advanced the economic development of African countries.The economic growth of the countries that have undergone land decentralization is substantially higher than that of countries that have not.Additionally,the economic growth of a country after land decentralization reform is notably higher than before the reform.This article expands the theory of decentralization reform and economic development and has specific policy implications for developing countries,especially African countries.

关 键 词：非洲国家 土地分权 经济发展 经济增长 国际发展 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济] F14