中日拔河源流考——兼论苗族“拉鼓节”与日本“御柱祭”  

The Research Concerning the Origin of Tug-of-War between China and Japan:Also on the Hmong's“Festival of Tug-of-drum”and the Japanese“Festival of Onbashira”

作　　者：李国栋 陈洁颖 Li Guodong;Chen Jieying

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学东方语言与哲学学院 [2]浙江工商大学东亚研究院

出　　处：《南开日本研究》2024年第2期29-46,301,共19页Nankai Japan Studies

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学重点研究基地课题“稻作文化东传日本之研究”(项目号:20JDZD017)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：作为稻作习俗,拔河起源于苗族“拉鼓节”,而“拉鼓节”又源自苗族特有的枫香树信仰。公元前10世纪,作为苗族蚩尤后裔的徐偃王族人舟山兵败后,从舟山逃往日本列岛避难,将稻作农耕传入日本,长江下游的大蛇信仰以及作为其表现形式的拔河也随之传入。日本诹访大社的“御柱祭”与苗族“拉鼓节”都显示出树柱崇拜,而且“御柱入乡式”中的拔河与苗族“拉鼓节”中的拔河极其相似。这似乎说明,日本拔河传承着苗族拉鼓拔河的神髓,带有祭祖意味,并祈祷人丁兴旺、稻谷丰收。As a kind of rice-farming custom,tug-of-war originated from the Hmong's“Tug-of-drum”,and the“Tug-of-drum”originated from the worship of liquidambar.In the 10th century BC,as the descendants of Chiyou,the king of Xu Yan's clansmen were defeated in Zhoushan islands,and then they escaped to Japan.As a result,they first disseminated rice-farming to Japan,and the big snake worship in the lower reaches of Yangtze River and the tug-of-war as the pattern of manifestation was also introduced to Japan.Both the festival of“Onbashira”in Suwa Taisha and the Hmong’s“Tug-of-drum”show the worship of tree pillars,and there are some similarities between them,which shows that Japanese tug-of-war inherits the soul of the Hmong's“Tug-of-drum”.It is a custom of rice-farming with the meaning of worshipping ancestors and praying for prosperity and rice harvest.

关 键 词：拉鼓节 枫香树信仰 大蛇信仰 御柱祭 

分 类 号：B933[哲学宗教—宗教学] K892.11[历史地理—民俗学] K893.13[历史地理—历史学]