人工智能时代“发明人”身份认定研究  

Research on the Identification of Inventorship in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：冯晓青[1] 孙雪静 Feng Xiaoqing;Sun Xuejing

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《延边大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期65-79,141-142,共17页Journal of Yanbian University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：北京市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心重点项目(22LLFXB038)

摘　　要：人工智能对发明的形成作出了创造性贡献,但从专利法意义上认定其为发明人存在专利法哲学以及法教义学方面的困境。特定的功能决定了特定法律在法律体系中的价值,故有必要回归专利法激励发明创造的功能视角,以化解这一矛盾。从专利法的发展脉络来看,其旨在通过激励整个发明创造生态链上的所有主体,而非仅激励直接实施发明创造行为的主体来促进科技创新与进步。在人工智能时代,有必要在专利法意义上承认人工智能发明人身份,以激励人们利用人工智能实施发明创造及促进人工智能产业发展。目前,将人工智能纳入发明人范畴存在法教义学上的障碍,需对专利法的相关条文予以完善,将发明人身份注明规则定性为发明来源的公示机制,而将专利权定性为发明市场利益的分配机制。关于人工智能时代发明人“创造性贡献”的认定,需要在现行认定框架下,结合人工智能时代发明模式的特点,对自然人和人工智能分别认定。Artificial intelligence(AI)has made creative contributions to the formation of inventions,but recognizing AI as the inventor in the context of patent law presents challenges in patent law philosophy and doctrinal interpretation.The specific functions of certain laws determine their value in the legal system,which makes it necessary to return to the perspective of patent law's function of incentivizing invention and creation to resolve this conflict.From the historical development of patent law,its aim is to incentivize all actors in the invention ecosystem,not just those directly engaged in the act of invention,to promote technological innovation and progress.In the age of artificial intelligence,it is necessary to recognize AI as an inventor in patent law to incentivize people to use AI for innovation and promote the de-velopment of the AI industry.Currently,there are doctrinal obstacles to incorporating AI into the category of inventors,and the relevant provisions of patent law need to be improved.The recognition of inventorship should be defined as a public mechanism for disclosing the origin of the invention,while patent rights should be viewed as a mechanism for distributing the market benefits of inventions.In terms of recognizing the“creative contribution”of inventors in the age of AI,it is necessary to adapt the current framework to the characteristics of the invention model in the AI era,and to distinguish between natural persons and AI when assigning inventorship.

关 键 词：生成式人工智能 发明人 激励创新 专利法 

分 类 号：D923.42[政治法律—民商法学]