公共数据授权运营中收费的理论逻辑与实践探索  

Theoretical Logic and Practical Exploration of Charging for the Authorized Operation of Public Data

作　　者：欧阳日辉 王宇奇 傅腾宇 Ouyang Rihui;Wang Yuqi;Fu Tengyu

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学中国互联网经济研究院 [2]福建大数据一级开发有限公司 [3]中国市场学会

出　　处：《延边大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期33-46,140,共15页Journal of Yanbian University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72473167);国家自然科学基金项目(72373056);2024年度福建省财政科研资助项目

摘　　要：公共数据是否收费既是理论问题,也是有争议的实践问题。文章通过构建公共数据价值链模型,提出公共数据收费是公共数据在流通交易过程中作为商品进行价值实现的一种重要形式,但不是唯一形式。公共数据收费机制必须平衡公平与效率的关系,既要实现短期内、微观上公共数据价值链在单次价值释放链路中达到最优生产状态,更要实现长期中、宏观上公共数据价值链对社会整体宏观福利的提升达到帕累托最优。国内外的实践表明,应该以坚守公益底线和微观效率为原则,构建公平和效率兼顾的公共数据价值链。目前,我国公共数据收费机制存在无偿使用缺乏可落地的实施标准、开放反馈与有偿使用机制缺失、收费机制缺乏灵活性等问题,因此,笔者建议从完善公共数据有条件无偿使用实施细则、健全公共数据供需互促的良性循环和创新公共数据授权运营收费机制等方面,建立激励相容的公共数据收费机制。The issue of whether to charge for public data has aroused both theoretical debates and practical controversies.This paper constructs a public data value chain model and proposes that charging for public data be an important method of realizing its value during the process of circulation and exchange,though it is not the only method.The public data charging mechanism must balance fairness and efficiency,aiming to achieve optimal production in the short term at the micro level,and long-term improvements in social welfare at the macro level,achieving Pareto optimality in the public data value chain.In both domestic and international practices,the public interest's bottom line and micro-efficiency principles must be adhered to in constructing a public data value chain that balances fairness and efficiency.China's current public data charging mechanism faces issues such as the lack of practical standards for free use,absence of open feedback mechanisms,and inflexibility in the charging system.The paper suggests improvements in the implementation details for conditional free use,the establishment of a mutually reinforcing cycle between supply and demand for public data,and innovations in the public data authorized operation charging mechanism to establish a more compatible and incentivized public data charging mechanism.

关 键 词：公共数据 授权运营 公共数据收费 数据开放 数据价值链 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]