数字时代职务犯罪“无门槛化”调查的法理审思与实践应对——基于“权力—权利”的再平衡视角  

The Legal Thinking and Practical Response to the Investigation of“No Threshold”in the Digital Era of Duty Crimes——A Rebalance Perspective Based on“Power-Rights”

作　　者：韩晗[1,2] Han Han

机构地区：[1]山东大学 [2]山东师范大学法学院

出　　处：《人权研究(辑刊)》2024年第1期299-317,348-349,共21页Journal of Human Rights

基　　金：2024年度最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题“检察机关机动侦查权的理论阐释与制度构建”;2023年度山东师范大学人文社会科学青年科研项目“职务犯罪调查数字化转型的风险挑战与对策研究”(2023YTR001)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：数字技术的应用推动了职务犯罪监察调查权的数字化转型。以管辖、立案、内部审批为代表三项制度给调查权力设置了“门槛”,但平台化管辖、监督化调查以及电子化取证的新变化促使传统管辖原则被突破,立案的门槛功能被消解,内部审批控制的效力被消解。这使得传统的“权力—权利”体系出现结构性失衡,表现为调查权力面临任意性运用的风险,调查取证权力控制水平的一致性丧失,公民基本权利保障面临不当侵害的风险。应从“权力—权利”结构的再平衡视角出发进行完善:一方面,对权力控制体系进行重新配套,明确数据平台的管辖地位,确立线索移交的衔接机制,完善现有的立案审批制度,系统化完善程序性控制机制,强化对调查取证的过程性监督;另一方面,对当前的权利保障体系进行优化,建立以被调查人知情权为核心的层级化告知义务体系,尝试恢复辩护权在权利保障体系中的应有作用。The application of digital technology has promoted the digital transformation of the power to investigate corruption crimes.The three systems represented by jurisdiction,filing,and internal approval have set“thresholds”for investigation power,but the new changes in platform based jurisdiction,supervised investigation,and electronic evidence collection have led to the breakthrough of traditional jurisdiction principles,the elimination of filing threshold functions,and the effectiveness of internal approval control.This leads to a structural imbalance in the traditional“power-rights”system,manifested as the risk of arbitrary use of investigative power,the loss of consistency in the control level of investigative and evidence collection power,and the risk of improper infringement of citizens'basic rights protection.From the perspective of the rebalancing of the“power-rights”structure,we should improve it.On the one hand,we should reorganize the power control system,clarify the jurisdictional status of the data platform,establish a linkage mechanism for clue transfer,establish and improve the existing filing and approval system,systematically improve the procedural control mechanism,and strengthen the process supervision of investigation and evidence collection;on the other hand,optimize the current rights protection system,establish a hierarchical disclosure obligation system centered on the right to know of the investigated person,and attempt to restore the due role of defense rights in the rights protection system.

关 键 词：职务犯罪 调查权 数字化 无门槛化 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学] D922.11[政治法律—法学]