公法视野中的数据财产权  

Data Property Rights in Perspective of Public Law

作　　者：梁芷澄 Liang Zhicheng

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《人权研究(辑刊)》2024年第1期227-255,346-347,共31页Journal of Human Rights

摘　　要：我国民法学界通常将数据财产权理解为支配观念下的民事权利。这种理解无法调和财产权支配性与数据开放性之间的结构性矛盾,其对数据财产权的性质存在一定的误读。数据的公共性特征,意味着数据财产权的形成离不开公法规则。从权利性质看,数据财产权是国家出于数据流通的公共目标创设的民事权益,以保证数据资源能够通过市场化交易的方式,实现高效共享与利用,本质上是国家在保护义务理念下对数据资源的初次分配。从公法的视角理解数据财产权,有助于更好地建构数据财产权的内部构造和登记制度。从权利构造上看,数据财产权中的财产利益与人格利益相分离,数据财产权的范围有待公法通过数据访问和操作规则加以形成,此乃价值衡量的过程。从数据登记上看,它给公权调控数据活动提供制度支点,其能够发挥人格保护与促进数据流通的双重功能。The right to data property is usually understood as a civil right.This understanding cannot reconcile the structural contradiction between the dominant nature of property rights and the openness of data,and its misinterpretation of the nature of data property rights exists to some extent.The public nature of data means that the formation of data property rights cannot be separated from the rules of public law.In terms of the nature of rights,data property rights are civil rights created by the state for the public purpose of data circulation to ensure that data resources can be efficiently shared and utilised through market-based transactions,and are essentially the initial allocation of data resources by the state under the concept of distributive administration.The understanding of data property rights from the perspective of public law helps to better construct the internal structure and registration system of data property rights.In terms of the construction of rights,the property interest in data property rights is separated from the personality interest,and the scope of data property rights is to be shaped by public law through the rules of data access and operation,which is a process of value measurement.In terms of data registration,it provides an institutional fulcrum for the public right to regulate data activities,which can perform the dual function of protecting personality and facilitating the flow of data.

关 键 词：数据确权 数据所有权 数据流通 数据登记 分配正义 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]