人脸识别技术公共应用的法律规制研究  

Research on Legal Regulation of Public Use of Facial Recognition Technology

作　　者：张恩典 Zhang Endian

机构地区：[1]南昌大学法学院 [2]南昌大学法学院数字法治研究中心

出　　处：《人权研究(辑刊)》2024年第1期89-112,342-343,共26页Journal of Human Rights

基　　金：2018年教育部哲学社会科学研究重大攻关项目“中美网络空间治理比较研究”(18JZD040);公安部公安理论及软科学研究项目“生成式人工智能对公安工作的影响及对策研究”(2023LL27)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：人工智能时代,人脸识别技术在公共治理领域被广泛应用。人脸识别技术的公共应用模式包括验证、识别和分类等。人脸识别技术公共应用在带来治理效率提升的同时,也导致了公民隐私、言论自由、集会自由和平等权等基本权利受到严重侵蚀。考察当前美国、欧盟和英国等域外国家与地区出台或拟议的人脸识别技术规制法案,总体呈现出全面禁止的单一规制和多层次的混合规制两大规制模式。两者在规制立场、理念和工具上存在显著差异。鉴于告知同意原则的局限性,我国人脸识别技术公共应用应当以合法性、正当性和必要性为基本原则,结合人脸识别技术多元应用模式、场景以及对公民基本权利的潜在风险程度,建立健全人脸识别技术公共应用的多元准入制度、公共应用问责制和多元治理参与机制,探索建构包括人脸识别技术公共应用者、开发者、受影响者等多元主体共同参与的协同治理模式。In the age of artificial intelligence,facial recognition technology has been widely used in public governance.The public use mode of face recognition includes verification,recognition and classification.The public use of facial recognition technology brings about the improvement of governance efficiency,and also leads to the serious erosion of the basic rights of citizens'privacy,freedom of speech,freedom of assembly and equal rights.After reviewing the current facial recognition technology regulation acts issued or proposed in the United States,the European Union and the United Kingdom,it shows a comprehensive prohibition of a single regulation mode and a multi-level mixed regulation mode.There are significant differences in the position,concept and tool of the two regulation models.In view of the limitations of the principle of inform and consent,the public use of facial recognition technology in China should take legality,legitimacy and necessity as the basic principles,and establish a multiple access system for the public application of facial recognition technology,an accountability system and a multiple governance participation mechanism in combination with the multiple application modes and scenarios of facial recognition technology and the potential risk to human rights,explore and construct a collaborative governance model involving multiple subjects such as public users,developers and affected people of facial recognition technology.

关 键 词：人脸识别技术 公共治理 基本权利 协同治理 问责制 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学] TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]