论生存权首要地位的法理阐释  

On the Jurisprudential Analysis of the Primary Status of the Right to Survival in China

作　　者：李将 Li Jiang

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院 [2]中山大学涉外法治研究院

出　　处：《人权研究(辑刊)》2024年第1期3-33,340-341,共33页Journal of Human Rights

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学基金项目“多边主义的中国理论及其自主性建构研究”(GD24YFX11)的研究成果

摘　　要：生存权作为首要的基本人权是中国人权理论和实践的普遍共识。关于生存权首要地位的认识和研究存在政法路径主导、工具性逻辑和权利层次限定的特征,在法理层面探求生存权首要地位的妥当阐释及其制度形式成为一项重要的学术命题。首要地位象征着生存权在基本人权谱系或权利体系中具有的位阶价值,权利渊源、性质、体系和目标是进行位阶评价的重要因素。生存权的位阶价值可以依托共同道德、权利体系和社会功能等路径进行阐释,三者分别强调生存权的道德基础、体系地位以及目标指向。生存权位阶能够通过阶段性、渊源性、目标性和执行性的宪法规则与法律制度得到执行。中国式现代化语境下,生存权面临进行规范建构的时代任务,其位阶评价和效用依赖立法的整全性解释和适应性调整。The right to survival being held as the foremost fundamental human right is a general consensus in Chinese human rights theory and practice.Deficiencies can be observed in the major research paths of the primary status of the right to survival,including the dominance of political-legal approach,instrumental logic,and the control of rights application.Therefore,exploring the appropriate interpretation and institutional form of the primary status of the right to survival in normative sense has become an important academic issue.The primary status symbolizes the hierarchy of the right to survival in the rank of basic human rights or system of rights,and the origin,nature,system,and goal of the specific right are factors for accessing the hierarchy.The hierarchical value of the right to survival can be explained through theoretical means named as common morality,system of rights,and social function,which emphasize repectively the moral foundation,systematic function,and purposive orientation of the right to survival.The hierarchy of the right to survival can be enforced through constitutional principles and legal rules that prescribe phases of social development,origins of human rights,targets of human rights governance,and implementation of human rights protection.Under the context of Chinese modernization,the right to survival faces the task of normative construction,and the confirmation and carrying out of its hierarchy depend on the comprehensive interpretation and adaptive adjustment of the constitution and law.

关 键 词：生存权 首要的基本人权 权利体系 权利位阶 

分 类 号：D621.5[政治法律—政治学] D921[政治法律—中外政治制度]