中国对外直接投资对出口企业国内技术复杂度的影响  

Effect of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment on Domestic Technical Complexity of Export Enterprises

作　　者：刘海云[1] 王利霞 王雪峰 Haiyun Liu;Lixia Wang;Xuefeng Wang

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学经济学院,武汉市430074 [2]湖北经济学院财经高等研究院,武汉市430205

出　　处：《产业经济评论(山东大学)》2024年第2期140-163,共24页Review of Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“基于互利共赢的中美双边对外直接投资的贸易效应研究”(19BJL107)资助

摘　　要：技术复杂度的科学衡量和提升路径对于分析企业真实技术水平、实现中国贸易高质量发展和科技自立自强具有重要意义。本文利用世界投入产出数据、海关数据库和工业企业数据库测算了中国出口企业的国内技术复杂度,并结合境外投资企业(机构)名录构建PSM-DID模型,评估对外直接投资对中国出口企业国内技术复杂度的影响。实证结果表明:出口企业对外直接投资显著提升了国内技术复杂度,一系列稳健性检验均得到一致的结果。异质性检验发现,对于初始技术水平较低的企业、进口企业和研发密集度较低的企业,对外直接投资的积极效果更为凸显,有利于相对落后的企业实现技术追赶。机制分析发现,对外直接投资对国内技术复杂度的作用是通过扩大企业规模、优化产业结构、增强自主创新能力并减少使用外国技术来实现的。The scientific measurement and improving path of technical com-plexity are significant for analyzing the real technological level of firms,realizing China's scientific and technological self-reliance and the high-quality development of trade.This study calculates the domestictechnical complexity of Chinese exporting firms using the World Input-Output Database,Chinese Customs Trade Statistics and Annual Survey of Industrial Firms,then evaluates the effect of Outward Foreign Direct Investment(OFDI)on domestic technical complexity of Chinese exporting firms by constructing aPSM-DID model in combinationwith Chinese enterprises’OFDI information database.The empirical results show that OFDI significantly enhances domestictechnical complexity of exporting firms,and a series of robustness tests consistently yield uniform results.Heterogeneity tests reveal that the positive impact of OFDI is more pronounced for enterprises with lower initial technological levels,importing enterprises,and enterprises with lower R&D intensity,indicating that OFDI favors technologicalcatch-up of backward enterprises.Mechanism analysis finds that the effect of OFDI on domestictechnical complexity is achieved by expanding enterprises size,optimizing industrial structure,enhancing the capacity for independent innovation and reducing the use of foreign technology.

关 键 词：对外直接投资 出口企业 国内技术复杂度 自主创新 

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