论秦汉迁徙刑的继承与变化  

On the Inheritance and Changes of Exile Penalties in the Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：代思晴 DAI Siqing(School of History and Culture,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,西安710119

出　　处：《唐都学刊》2024年第6期52-59,共8页Tangdu Journal

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助;陕西师范大学自由探索项目:“出土文献与秦汉法律制度研究”(LHRCTS23049)阶段性成果

摘　　要：学界普遍认为秦代迁刑是正刑,而对汉代是否有迁刑以及迁刑成为正刑的时间存在争议。根据《张家山汉墓竹简(三三六号墓)》来看,汉代存在迁刑,秦汉迁刑在迁徙地及疠病之迁的程序上具有继承性。汉初较少适用迁刑,“迁”的概念收缩为单一刑罚;随着汉文帝改革与社会背景的变化,迁刑进一步式微。汉中后期,迁刑称谓以“徙”为主,“徙”的概念重新具有“刑罚”与“徙民”两层含义;徙刑性质发生根本性变化,成为减死一等的次死之刑。这一过程萌发于汉武帝经略西北,在历次刑法改革中逐渐形成制度,迁徙刑的变化反映了秦汉社会的变迁。It is widely believed in academia that the exile punishment in the Qin Dynasty was a formal penal system,while there is controversy regarding whether this penalty existed in the Han Dynasty and the timing of its elevation to formal punishment.Based on the“Bamboo Slips from the Zhangjiashan Han Tomb(Tomb No.336)”,it can be seen that exile sentence did exist in the Han Dynasty,with the procedures related to relocation and isolation of the lepers showing continuity from the Qin Dynasty to the Han Dynasty.In the early Han period,the application of exile punishment was limited,and the concept of“exile”was narrowed down to a singular penalty;however,with the reforms of Emperor Wen of Han and changes in social context,exile punishment further declined.In the later period of the Han Dynasty,the term for exile punishment primarily became“relocation,”which regained its dual connotations of“penalty”and“relocation of people”,and the nature of relocation punishment underwent a fundamental change,becoming a lesser form of capital punishment.This process was initiated during Emperor Wu of Han’s campaigns in the northwest,gradually forming a system through successive reforms in penal law,reflecting the societal transformations of the Qin and Han periods.

关 键 词：迁刑 徙刑 《张家山汉墓竹简(三三六号墓)》 《迁律》 

分 类 号：K232[历史地理—历史学]