“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”的历史内涵与真相考察  

An Investigation on the Historical Connotation and Truth behind“Abolishing the Hundred Schools and Exclusively Promoting Confucianism”

作　　者：张宏锋 ZHANG Hongfeng(School of Literature,Yancheng Teachers University,Yancheng 224002,China)

机构地区：[1]盐城师范学院文学院,江苏盐城224002

出　　处：《唐都学刊》2024年第6期45-51,共7页Tangdu Journal

基　　金：2022年度江苏高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目:“明代《孟子》评点文献整理与研究”(022SJYB2055)阶段性成果;2022年度江苏省社会科学基金青年项目:“东林学派与晚明孟学思想转变研究”(22ZXC004)阶段性成果

摘　　要：“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”中的“罢黜”是“排斥”之意,“百家”从流派上讲主要指道、法、名、墨、纵横、杂等六家,从数量上讲则指六家中的诸多分支,而“儒术”指吸收了道、法、阴阳等家部分思想的新儒学的治国之术。这一历史概括的真实内涵是指限制当时不利于治国的道、法、名、墨、纵横、杂等六家之学,而独尊已经吸取各家有益治国思想而成的“新儒学”的治国之术。汉武帝之后的“石渠阁会议”“汉宣帝肯定新儒学德刑并举的思想”“汉成帝反对阅读诸子之书”等史实,以及诸子各家著作以汉武帝为分水岭,前后形成巨大反差的情况,共同证明了以“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”来反映汉代学术的发展状况是合理可信的。The term“abolish”in“Abolishing the Hundred Schools and Exclusively Promoting Confucianism”means“exclusion.”The“Hundred Schools”primarily refers to the six schools of thought:Daoism,Legalism,Mohism,the School of Names,the School of Diplomacy,and Miscellaneous.In terms of quantity,it encompasses the many branches within these six schools.“Confucianism”refers to the governance philosophy of the“New Confucianism,”which incorporates beneficial elements from Daoism,Legalism,Yin-Yang,and other schools of thought.The true historical significance of this summary is to limit the teachings of the six schools that were deemed detrimental to governance at that time,while exclusively promoting the governance philosophy of“New Confucianism,”which absorbed useful ideas from various schools.Historical events following Emperor Wu of Han,such as the“Shiquge Conference,”the affirmation of the dual focus on morality and punishment by Emperor Xuan of Han,and Emperor Cheng of Han’s opposition to studying the writings of various philosophers,along with the significant contrast in the literary works of the various schools before and after Emperor Wu of Han,collectively demonstrate that using“Abolishing the Hundred Schools and Exclusively Promoting Confucianism”to reflect the development of scholarship during the Han Dynasty is reasonable and credible.

关 键 词：汉武帝 董仲舒 易白沙 “罢黜百家 独尊儒术” 

分 类 号：K234.1[历史地理—历史学] B234.5[历史地理—中国史]