双身龙纹玉璧研究  

Research on Jade Bi with Double-bodied Dragon Patterns

作　　者：方良朱 Fang Liangzhu

机构地区：[1]杭州博物馆(杭州博物院(筹)),浙江杭州310002

出　　处：《文博学刊》2024年第5期110-122,共13页Journal of Archaeology and Museology

摘　　要：战国晚期到秦代,双身龙纹玉璧的使用集中在齐鲁和楚文化圈内。西汉时期,双身龙纹玉璧广泛流行于都城及各诸侯国内。西汉中期是这类玉璧式样和风格转变的关键节点,西汉中期以后几乎不见之前以菱形眼为最典型特征的龙的形象,双身龙纹的雕琢工艺也从细阴刻线和细阴刻线加斜砣两种工艺并重变为以后者为主流。双身龙纹玉璧的使用者主要为身份等级较高的贵族,并以使用玉璧的多少作为区别尊卑的依据,其功能主要包括敛尸与引导灵魂升天、装饰、祭祀以及作为玉料用以改制或镶嵌等。From the late Warring States period to the Qin dynasty,the use of jade bi with double-bodied dragon patterns was concentrated within the Qilu and Chu cultural sphere.During the Western Han dynasty,these bi became widely popular in the capitals and various vassal states.The mid-Western Han dynasty marked a key turning point in the style and form of this type of bi.The image of a dragon typified by diamond-shaped eyes,which were commonly seen before that period,almost disappeared afterward.Additionally,the carving techniques of the double-bodied dragon pattern also changed.Prior to the mid-Western Han dynasty,two techniques were equally prominent:one that primarily used fine incised lines and another that combined fine incised lines with slanted chisel marks.In the mid-Western Han dynasty,the latter became the mainstream technique.The users of these bi were mainly high ranking nobles,and the number of pieces used served as a maker of social rank.These bi had various functions,including collecting corpses and guiding souls to ascend to heaven,as well as being used for decoration,sacrificial offerings,and as jade materials for modification or inlaying.

关 键 词：双身龙纹玉璧 玉器 战国晚期 汉代 

分 类 号：K876.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]