我国反垄断执法中违法所得的计算方法研究  

Research on the Calculation Method of Illegal Gains in China’s Antitrust Enforcement

作　　者：冯博[1] 陈维景 于晓淳 FENG Bo;CHEN Weijing;YU Xiaochun(Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,Law School,300221)

机构地区：[1]天津财经大学法学院,300221

出　　处：《制度经济学研究》2024年第3期235-253,共19页Research on Institutional Economics

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“反垄断后继诉讼的功能定位和实践应用”(19SFB2049)的资助

摘　　要：根据我国《反垄断法》规定,反垄断执法机构对垄断经营者应没收违法所得,并处以罚款。但在执法实践中,没收违法所得的适用率不足10%,原因在于违法所得的计算原则不统一,计算标准不明确。因此,如何科学计算垄断企业的违法所得,已成为现阶段反垄断执法工作的重点和难点。囿于现实反垄断执法困境,运用反事实思维构建古诺模型,模拟未发生垄断行为的市场状态,探讨反垄断违法所得的计算方法。通过对比反事实市场与现实垄断状态下的市场发现,企业实施垄断行为都会产生违法所得,且违法所得与知识产权、自然垄断等情形所产生的超额利润无关。分析结果为反垄断执法机构“应没尽没”的处罚方针提供了理论依据。通过分析上海某药企不公平高价案的案例,对违法所得的计算方法进行检验,发现构建反事实模型计算出的具体数额与实际违法所得数额接近,提出可供反垄断执法机构参考的反垄断违法所得计算原则及方法。由此得出的研究结论对于优化反垄断执法中没收违法所得的计算方法,更好地维护市场公平竞争具有重要的现实意义。According to the Anti-Monopoly Law,the anti-monopoly law enforcement agency shall confiscate the illegal gains of the monopoly operator and impose a fine.However,in law enforcement practice,the application rate of confiscation of illegal gains is less than 10%,because the calculation principles of illegal gains are not uniform and the calculation standards are not clear.Therefore,how to scientifically calculate the illegal income of monopoly enterprises has become the focus and difficulty of anti-monopoly law enforcement at this stage.There are the counterfactual thinking analysis method and discusses the calculation standard of the amount of anti-monopoly illegal income by constructing the Cournot model.By comparing the product prices and manufacturer profits of the simulated market when the monopolistic behavior did not occur and the real monopoly continuous market,it is found that the monopolistic behavior of enterprises has illegal gains.Moreover,the specific amount of illegal gains has nothing to do with the excess profits generated by intellectual property rights,natural monopolies,etc.The analysis results provide a theoretical basis for the punishment policy of law enforcement agencies.Based on the monopoly case of a pharmaceutical company in Shanghai,it is found that the calculated amount of the counterfactual thinking analysis model is similar to the actual amount of illegal gains,and the principles and methods for calculating the illegal gains of the anti-monopoly law enforcement department are proposed.Therefore,the conclusions are of great practical significance for how to optimize the calculation method of the illegal income of the enterprises involved in the case in anti-monopoly law enforcement and better maintain fair competition in the market.

关 键 词：反垄断 没收违法所得 反事实思维 古诺模型 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]