蠕变时效成形技术的原理与特点及其在航天薄壁件中的应用  

Creep aging Forming Technology and its Application in Aerospace Thin-Walled Components

作　　者：湛利华 彭赫力[2] 徐永谦 黄明辉 冯苏乐[2] 杨有良 任浩博 ZHAN Lihua;PENG Heli;XU Yongqian;HUANG Minghui;FENG Sule;YANG Youliang;REN Haobo(Light Alloy Research Institute,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China;Shanghai Spaceflight Precision Machinery Institute,Shanghai 201600,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学轻合金研究院,湖南长沙410083 [2]上海航天精密机械研究所,上海201600

出　　处：《上海航天(中英文)》2024年第S2期1-10,共10页Aerospace Shanghai(Chinese&English)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3400900);国家自然科学基金(52475418,U22A20190)

摘　　要：蠕变时效成形技术是利用铝合金蠕变和时效强化特性,将校形和时效热处理工艺巧妙结合的先进成形技术,在航空航天薄壁件制造中具有广泛的应用前景。以运载火箭贮箱箱底薄壁件、网格加筋壁板、整体筒段件为代表的大型薄壁件是航天器关键的承载结构部件,其制造水平决定了运载装备的可靠性,形性制造质量要求极高。本文根据重型运载火箭和载人登月火箭等新一代航天运载器轻量化、高性能、低成本的制造需求,介绍蠕变时效成形技术原理与特点,综述其在超大尺寸、复杂变厚度结构的贮箱箱底薄壁件,典型贮箱和舱门网格加筋壁板,以及旋压和铸造薄壁筒形件等方面的应用现状,总结蠕变时效成形技术在航天薄壁件中的应用前景和发展趋势。The creep aging forming technology utilizes the creep and aging strengthening characteristics of aluminum alloys,cleverly combining shape correction and aging heat treatment processes,and has broad application prospects in the manufacturing of thin-walled aerospace parts.Large thin-walled components represented by the bottom of the carrier rocket tank and grid reinforced wall panels are key load-bearing structures of spacecraft,and their manufacturing level determines the reliability of the carrier equipment,with extremely high requirements for shape manufacturing.This article introduces the principle and characteristics of creep aging forming technology based on the lightweight,high-performance,and low-cost overall manufacturing needs of the new generation of space launch vehicles.It summarizes the application status of creep aging forming technology in new aluminum lithium alloys,ultra large and complex structure storage tank bottom thin-walled parts,typical storage tanks and cabin door mesh reinforced wall panels,as well as spinning and casting thin-walled cylindrical parts.The application prospects and development trends of creep aging forming technology in aerospace thin-walled parts are also summarized.

关 键 词：蠕变时效成形 大型薄壁构件 铝合金 航天运载器 

分 类 号：TN911.73[电子电信—通信与信息系统] TP391.9[电子电信—信息与通信工程]