中美跨文明政治交流的五重障碍:浅谈“预设网”“参照物”与“推理法”的作用  

作　　者：张善若 

机构地区：[1]美国加州理工州立大学政治学系

出　　处：《北大政治学评论》2023年第2期232-253,共22页Peking University Political Science Review

摘　　要：生命世界是一群人由文化继承而获得的“知识储备”,是一张“由预设构成的、巨大的、无法计算的网”。当一个新“情况”在交流过程中出现时,我们需要到自己的生命世界中调动事实、常模和经验(facts,norms and experiences)作为参照系,并使用已经被预设为合情、合理、合适的推理法将参照系所构成的“过去”与新情况所展现的“现在”联系起来,对其进行诠释,从而完成交流行为。“跨文明交流”,即是“跨理性交流”。跨文明交流的根本困难在于,大洋这一边的听话者与大洋那一边的说话者,生命世界不重合,参照系不共享,推理法不共情。由此,“生命世界,身陷孤岛”“腾空飞起,四面临渊”“临渊垂钓,渊中无鱼”“身临其境,心临奇峰”“中国印象,西方制造”这五重障碍重峦叠嶂,连绵起伏,构成中美交流中难以逾越的鸿沟。Drawing on recent theoretical development on language,reasoning,and argumentation in Western philosophy and social sciences,this article investigates and theorizes five sets of“epistemological barriers”in cross-civilizational communica-tion between China and the United States/the West.I argue that,as they endeavor to interpret and understand Chinese political phenomena,the inability of Western readers/audiences to draw on the“validating references”and“rationalizing inferences”that are routinely used in the Chinese political“lifeworld”creates barriers in political com-munication between China and the U.S./the West.In a particular political civiliza-tion,“political rationality”is a conception that is constructed and reconstructed in an evolutionary process where political thinkers and writers distill“historical lessons”from its history and conceptualize them in such a way as to advance the survival and prosperity of this very civilization.Cross-civilizational communication is thus“cross-rationality”communication.

关 键 词：生命世界 跨文明交流 参照系 推理法 预设网 政治理性 

分 类 号：D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学]