长江沙洲水道洲滩植被阻水影响分析  

Analysis of Water Blocking Effect of Floodplain Vegetation of Yangtze River Shazhou Waterway

作　　者：李达[1,2] 杨中华 张松[1] 张为[1] LI Da;YANG Zhong-hua;ZHANG Song;ZHANG Wei(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2025年第2期67-71,48,共6页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U2340216,52020105006);湖北省科技创新计划重点研发专项(2023BCB110)。

摘　　要：针对水库修建后下游洪水位抬升的现象,以长江中游沙洲水道为例,基于现场查勘并结合遥感影像解析和平面二维水动力模型分析洲滩植被对沙洲水道的阻水影响。结果表明,洲滩植被会引起沙洲水道区域平均水位抬升、流速减小,且水位自下游至上游抬升幅度沿程增大,洪水流量影响大于中等流量影响;水道断面流速分布呈现洲滩减小,主槽增大的变化趋势,可能造成“槽冲滩淤”;植被阻水影响随植被生长而增大,但影响变幅在减小;防浪林对于沙洲水道右岸流速的调整大于左岸,而矮草/灌木对流速调整的影响则相反。In view of the uplift of the downstream flood level after reservoirs constructed,this paper selects Shazhou waterway as the study region to analyze the water blocking effect of floodplain vegetation based on field investigation,remote sensing image analysis and mathematic model.It is found that the floodplain plants will cause water level rising and velocity decreasing with the difference of water level increasing from downstream to upstream.The influence of vegetation increases with the rising flow discharge.In terms of the transverse distribution of velocity,there are a reduction in velocity on floodplain and a slight increase in velocity in main channel,which may induce erosion and sedimentation happening in main channel and on floodplain respectively.Besides,the water blocking effect of vegetation increases with the vegetation growing while the amplitude of variation decreases.The adjustment of velocity on the right bank of Shazhou waterway caused by emergent vegetation is greater than that on the left bank while submerged vegetation has the opposite effect on velocity adjustment.

关 键 词：沙洲水道 遥感解析 植被分布 等效Manning系数 阻水影响 

分 类 号：TV131[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]