基于图元匹配的隧道图纸解析与三维建模方法  

Graphical Element Matching-based Approach for Tunnel Drawing Analysis and 3D Modeling

作　　者：王卫东[1] 阿茹娜 葛含章 肖淳钟 吴昕芃 王劲 邱实 WANG Weidong;A Runa;GE Hanzhang;XIAO Chunzhong;WU Xinpeng;WANG Jin;QIU Shi(Central South University,Changsha,Hunan 410075,China;China Railway Group Limited,Beijing 100039,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学,长沙410075 [2]中国中铁股份有限公司,北京100039

出　　处：《铁道工程学报》2025年第1期77-82,共6页Journal of Railway Engineering Society

基　　金：基于数字孪生模型的轨道交通扣件系统伤损状态全生命周期演化机理研究(52178442)。

摘　　要：研究目的:针对目前铁路隧道领域由于原始图纸复杂性导致的人工解析工作量大且效率低下,以及自动化建模过程中精度与细节表达无法满足要求的关键问题,本文提出一种基于图元匹配的隧道图纸三维解析建模方法,旨在快速实现二维图纸向三维模型的高效、自动转化。研究结论:(1)提出基于霍夫变换的图元特征提取方法,有效提取二维图纸中的关键图元数据,并显著简化解析过程;(2)通过构建七项几何约束条件,精确表征隧道构件的核心参数关系,确保三维模型的高度一致性和完整性;(3)开发基于WebGL+Three.js的参数化建模平台实现了隧道模型的高效动态可视化,提升了建模的灵活性与效率;(4)本研究成果可应用于铁路隧道设计、施工管理及数字化运营,推动基础设施工程的智能化发展。Research purposes:To address the challenges in the railway tunnel domain caused by the complexity of original design drawings,which lead to substantial manual interpretation workloads and inefficiencies,as well as the inadequacy of precision and detail in automated modeling processes,this study proposes a 3D analytical modeling method for tunnel drawings based on graphical element matching.The method aims to enable the efficient and automated transformation of 2D drawings into 3D models.Research conclusions:(1)A graphical element feature extraction method based on Hough Transform is proposed,effectively extracting critical graphical element data from 2D drawings and significantly simplifying the analysis process.(2)Seven geometric constraint conditions are constructed to accurately represent the core parametric relationships of tunnel components,ensuring the high consistency and integrity of the 3D models.(3)A parameterized modeling platform based on WebGL+Three.js is developed,achieving efficient and dynamic visualization of tunnel models,thereby enhancing modeling flexibility and efficiency.(4)The research results can be applied to railway tunnel design,construction management,and digital operations,advancing the intelligent development of infrastructure engineering.

关 键 词：隧道工程 建筑信息模型 图纸解析 参数化建模 

分 类 号：TU921[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]