权力流散和权力集聚:美国两次发起对外半导体产业制裁的比较研究  

Power Dispersion and Power Aggregation:A Comparison of Two Rounds of US-Initiated Sanctions on Foreign Semiconductor Industry

作　　者：肖俊鹏 张婷 XIAO Jun-peng;ZHANG Ting(China Foreign Affairs University,Beijing,100037,China;China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations,Beijing,100037,China)

机构地区：[1]外交学院,北京100037 [2]中国现代国际关系研究院,北京100037

出　　处：《湘潭大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期141-149,共9页Journal of Xiangtan University:Philosophy And Social Sciences

摘　　要：一国掌控的权力为何在某些时期呈现流散状态?而在部分时期呈现集聚状态?本文出发点基于苏珊·斯特兰奇提出的“当国家与非国家行为体占据不同资源,国家的部分权力由非国家行为体分担,因而国家权力处于流散状态”。但对美国政府国家自主性强弱与国家间相互依存强弱的不同组合表明,美国政府掌控的结构性权力并不总是流散状态。以20世纪80年代美日半导体产业冲突和21世纪10年代中美半导体产业冲突做比较,发起冲突原因相似、制裁手段雷同,但发起主体不同,且当前中美半导体冲突迫使美国企业损失远大于收益,说明随着大国竞争加剧,在特定领域,即使是掌握核心技术的超级企业也必须服从于国家权力,因而国家权力并不再是流散,而是集聚。Why does the power held by a country sometimes appear to be in a dispersed state,while at other times it demonstrates an aggregated state?This paper starts from Professor Susan Strange’s proposition that“when states and non-state actors occupy different resources,some of the state’s power is shared by non-state actors,resulting in the dispersal of state power.”However,different combinations of strong or weak state autonomy relative to the U.S.government and those with strong or weak degrees of interdependence between states show that the structural power held by the U.S.government is not always in a dispersed state.By comparing the semiconductor industry conflicts between the U.S.and Japan in the 1980s with those between the U.S.and China in the 2010s,we find that although the causes for initiating conflict and the means of sanctions are similar,the initiators differ.Moreover,the current China-US semiconductor conflict imposes losses on American enterprises that far outweigh the gains,indicating that as great-power competition intensifies,even super corporations with core technologies must submit to national power in specific fields.Therefore,state power is no longer dispersed,but aggregated.

关 键 词：结构性权力 权力流散 权力集聚 

分 类 号：D83[政治法律—政治学] D87[政治法律—外交学]