儿童喘息性支气管炎发作的高危因素及预防策略分析  

Analysis of Risk Factors and Preventive Measures of Asthmatic Bronchitis in Children

作　　者：王玲玲 逯平 Wang Lingling;Lu Ping(Department of Pediatrics,Zhengzhou People’s Hospital,Zhengzhou,Henan,450000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州人民医院儿科,河南郑州450000 [2]郑州人民医院心血管内科,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《黑龙江医学》2025年第3期286-289,共4页Heilongjiang Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的:探讨影响儿童喘息性支气管炎(AB)发作的相关因素,为临床制定防范措施提供一定参考。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年12月郑州人民医院收治的126例支气管炎患儿作为研究对象,根据AB发生情况将其分为发生组59例和未发生组67例。采用医院自制一般资料调查问卷收集患儿的年龄、性别等资料,分析影响AB发生的有关因素。结果:126例支气管炎患儿中AB有59例,占比46.83%(59/126)。母乳喂养时间、家长过敏史、患儿过敏史、呼吸道合胞病毒感染、肺炎支原体感染、家中是否使用地毯与AB的发生有关,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=26.346、11.799、7.317、10.381、15.196、8.227,P<0.05)。母乳喂养时间<3个月、家长有过敏史、患儿有过敏史、是呼吸道合胞病毒感染、是肺炎支原体感染感染、家中使用地毯是AB发生的独立危险因素(OR=7.260、3.733、2.769、3.581、4.271、2.853,P<0.05)。结论:AB的发生风险较高,母乳喂养时间<3个月、家长有过敏史、患儿有过敏史、是呼吸道合胞病毒感染、是肺炎支原体感染感染、家中使用地毯是AB发生的独立危险因素。因此,临床需对上述高危人群给予重点关注,应积极地采取个体化的防控措施,最大程度地降低AB的发生率,保证患儿身心健康,促进其健康成长。Objective:To explore the relevant factors affecting the onset of asthmatic bronchitis(AB)in children,and provide some reference for clinical prevention measures.Methods:126 children with bronchitis admitted to Zhengzhou People’s Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected,and the incidence of AB was statistically analyzed.Self-made general information survey questionnaire was used to collect information on the age and gender affecting the occurrence of AB.Results:Among 126 children with bronchitis,a total of 59 cases(46.83%)experienced AB.Breastfeeding time,parental allergy history,pediatric allergy history,respiratory syncytial virus infection,mycoplasma pneumoniae infection,and the use of carpets at home were related to the occurrence of AB(χ^(2)=26.346,11.799,7.317,10.381,15.196,8.227;P<0.05).Breastfeeding time<3 months,parents with a history of allergies,children with a history of allergies,respiratory syncytial virus infection,mycoplasma pneumoniae infection,and carpet use at home were independent risk factors for the occurrence of AB(OR=7.260,3.733,2.769,3.581,4.271,2.853;P<0.05).Conclusion:Breastfeeding for less than 3 months,parents with a history of allergies,children with a history of allergies,respiratory syncytial virus infection,mycoplasma pneumoniae infection,and use of carpets at home are independent risk factors for the occurrence of AB.Therefore,in response to the high-risk factors above,clinical practice needs to actively develop personalized prevention measures to minimize the occurrence of AB and ensure the physical and mental health of the affected children.

关 键 词：喘息性支气管炎 儿童 影响因素 过敏 

分 类 号：R562.21[医药卫生—呼吸系统]