中华按蚊GR基因家族的全基因组鉴定及特性分析  

Whole genomic identification and characteristic analysis of the GR gene family in Anopheles sinensis(Diptera:Culicidae)

作　　者：牟肖 任爽[1] 陈斌[1] MOU Xiao;REN Shuang;CHEN Bin(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Control and Utilization,Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学昆虫与分子生物学研究所,媒介生物控制和利用重庆市重点实验室,重庆401331

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2025年第1期23-35,共13页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31672363,31872262);国家科技基础性工作专项重点项目(2015FY210300)。

摘　　要：【目的】在全基因组水平上鉴定中华按蚊Anopheles sinensis味觉受体(gustatory receptor,GR)蛋白家族基因,分析GR基因家族成员的结构和特征,预测其家族成员可能的生物学功能,为中华按蚊GR基因家族提供信息框架。【方法】从NCBI和Vectorbase数据库中下载冈比亚按蚊An.gambiae、致倦库蚊Culex quinquefasciatus、埃及伊蚊Aedes aegypti和黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster已知的GR氨基酸序列作为询问序列,通过Blast和HMM方法在全基因组水平上搜索和鉴定中华按蚊的GR家族基因并命名;通过生物信息学方法预测中华按蚊GR基因的基本特征(理化性质、基因结构及基因组定位)、保守结构域及Ka/Ks比值等;通过MEGA软件运用最大似然法构建中华按蚊和冈比亚按蚊GR基因编码蛋白系统发育树。【结果】中华按蚊基因组中共筛选鉴定出54个GR基因。参考冈比亚按蚊分类和基于系统发生关系,将中华按蚊AsGRs分为CO_(2)受体、苦味受体、糖受体和信息素受体4个亚家族,分别有3,40,6和5个受体。其中CO_(2)受体和糖受体聚成一支,信息素受体聚类成一个分支,而苦味受体则分散在整个系统发育树中。54个中华按蚊GR基因定位在Chr.1和Chr.2染色体上;AsGRs的氨基酸数量为128~3429,分子量是14.85~397.08 kD,理论等电点(pI)为5.16~9.84,亲水性指数(GRAVY)介于-0.023~0.838;54个中华按蚊AsGR基因的外显子数量为1~23个,跨度较大。大部分中华按蚊与冈比亚按蚊直系同源基因对的Ka/Ks比值都小于1,说明中华按蚊GR家族基因在进化过程中主要是受到纯化选择的作用。【结论】本研究对中华按蚊GR基因家族进行全基因组鉴定和特征分析,丰富了中华按蚊基因组数据库,为后续中华按蚊GR基因的功能研究奠定了一定基础。【Aim】To identify the gustatory receptor(GR)family genes of Anopheles sinensis at the whole genome level,analyze the structure and characteristics of the GR gene family members,and predict the possible biological functions of the GR family members,so as to provide an information framework for the GR family genes of An.sinensis.【Methods】Using the known GR amino acid sequences of An.gambiae,Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti,and Drosophila melanogaster downloaded from NCBI and Vectorbase databases as inquiry sequences,the GR family genes of An.sinensis were searched and identified at the whole genome level by Blast and HMM methods and named.Using bioinformatics methods,the basic characteristics(physicochemical properties,gene structure and genome localization),conservative domains and Ka/Ks ratios of the GR genes in An.sinensis were predicted.Using MEGA software and maximum likelihood(ML)method,a phylogenetic tree of proteins encoded by the GR genes of An.sinensis and An.gambiae was constructed.【Results】A total of 54 GR genes were screened and identified in the genome of An.sinensis.According to the classification of An.gambiae and phylogenetic relationship,AsGRs of An.sinensis were divided into four subfamilies of CO_(2)receptor,bitter receptor,sugar receptor and pheromone receptor,with 3,40,6 and 5 receptors,respectively.CO_(2)receptors and sugar receptors were clustered into a single branch,pheromone receptors were clustered into a single branch,and bitter receptors were scattered throughout the phylogenetic tree.The 54 GR genes of An.sinensis were located on the chromosomes Chr.1 and Chr.2.The amino acid numbers of AsGRs are 128-3429,with the molecular weight of 14.85-397.08 kD,the theoretical isoelectric point(pI)of 5.16-9.84,and the hydrophilicity index(GRAVY)of between-0.023-0.838.The exons of the 54 An.sinensis AsGR genes ranged from 1 to 23,with a wide range.The Ka/Ks ratios of most of the direct homologous gene pairs between An.sinensis and An.gambiae were less than 1,indicating that the GR f

关 键 词：中华按蚊 味觉受体 全基因组鉴定 基因特征 系统发育 

分 类 号：Q966[生物学—昆虫学]